스가랴 14:1 미드라쉬: Mekhilta DeRabbi Shimon Ben Yochai, Kohelet Rabbah & Midrash Tehillim

And I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob as God the Omnipotent: Rabbi Eliezer, the son of Yosei HaGelili, says. "There is a difference between the prophecy of the forefathers and the prophecy of Moses and the other prophets: When the Holy One, blessed be He, arose upon them to speak with them, He did not arise with chayot [angelic creatures], nor with a chariot, nor with any other types of glory, but the divine presence would rather rest [directly] on top of them."
Rabbi Shimon said, "The forefathers are the chariot themselves, as it is stated: And He finished talking with him, and God went up from Abraham (Genesis 17:22); And, behold, the Lord was standing over him (Genesis 28:13)."
Why was that? Because they were sanctified for the habitation of the divine presence.
But he arose over the other prophets with glory, each one according to his ability.
When the Holy One blessed be He, revealed Himself to the forefathers to speak with them, He did not arise with thunder, with lightning, with sounds or with a whirlwind, since they knew His power, His strength, His Greatness, and His Loftiness.
But upon the other prophets, the Holy One, blessed be He, would arise upon them with sounds, with thunder, with lightning, and with torchfires according to the need of the people of their generations. Why was that? Because the people of their generations did not know the power and the might of the Holy One, blessed be He. If only with voices and thunder, if only they would humble themselves!
When the Holy One, blessed be He, would arise upon the forefathers to command them, He would not make stipulations with them: If you will follow my statutes; But if you will reject my statutes (Leviticus 26:3, 15). Why was that? Because they knew the power of the giving of reward to the righteous and the punishment of the wicked, so He did not need to make stipulations with them.
When the Holy One, blessed be He, would speak with them, His voice would not shake up the world, but it was rather quiet, since there was no need for the people of their generations to hear.
But when the Holy One, blessed be He, would speak with the other prophets, He would shake up the world, as it is stated: The voice of the Lord breaks cedars (Psalms 29:5).
About what are these words speaking? Until the Tabernacle was erected. But when the Tabernacle was erected, He isolated a place for [His] speech, so the world was not shaken up.
When the Holy One, blessed be He, would command the forefathers to move from one land to another land, He would not promise what He would to them. Why was that? Because they were faithful.
But with the other prophets, how many promises did He promise them? And if only the people of their generations would trust [them]! How many promises did He promise our fathers? In Egypt: to a land flowing milk and honey (Exodus 3:8). And likewise in the desert. But even so, they were in doubt. How much did He promise even us? Rejoice, barren one (Isaiah 54:1); Comfort, comfort, My people (Isaiah 40:1); Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion (Zechariah 9:9); Lo, a day of the Lord is coming (Zechariah 44:1); Behold, I am sending My messenger (Malakhi 3:1). And still they are hesitating!
It was not necessary to express [God's] explicit name to the forefathers, but He expressed the explicit name to the other prophets.
As the people of their generations needed it.
The proof of the thing is from our teacher Moses, as it is stated:And I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob as God the Omnipotent, but I did not make them know My name, Lord
I did not reveal Myself to them like [I did] to You.

“If you see exploitation of the poor, and the perversion of justice and integrity in the state, do not marvel at the purpose; for one higher than high is watching, and there are high ones over them” (Ecclesiastes 5:7).
“If you see exploitation of the poor” – if you see one exploiting the poor and the indigent, and the Righteous One, who lives forever, bestows tranquility and good upon him, “see…in the state [bamedina],” see in him the sentence²⁹Bamedina is expounded as a portmanteau of bam dina, they will be sentenced. of Gehenna. “For one higher” – these are the angels; “and there are high ones over them” – this is the Holy One blessed be He.
Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina interpreted the verse regarding Esau. If you saw Esau in the great city of Rome³⁰The Sages considered the Romans to be descendants of Esau. exploiting the poor and robbing the indigent, and the Holy One blessed be He bestows tranquility upon him, you will [yet] see in him the attribute of justice.³¹Rome will eventually be punished. “Do not marvel” regarding what the old man³²Isaac said and his wish was fulfilled, as it is stated: “Behold, of the fat of the earth will be your dwelling” (Genesis 27:39). “For one higher” – these are the ministers, governors, and commanders. “And there are high ones over them” – this is the King who lives forever. Rabbi Aḥa said: From the “behold” of flesh and blood you learn of the “behold” of the Holy One blessed be He. Just as the “behold” of flesh and blood provided life for an entire people in this world, as it is stated: “Behold, I have given Haman’s house to Esther” (Esther 8:7), when the “behold” of the Holy One blessed be He comes, as it is stated: “Behold, a day of the Lord is coming, [and your spoil shall be divided in your midst]” (Zechariah 14:1), all the more so.³³If the “behold” of Aḥashverosh granted the Jews great wealth from Haman, who was a descendant of Esau, all the more so that the Jews will benefit when God upholds His prophecy beginning with “behold.”

"Another thing, all the nations surround me. They are destined to bring all the Gentile nations to ascend to Jerusalem, and Israel is afraid of them. At that time, the Lord says to them, "Do not fear, you worm Jacob" (Isaiah 41:14). They surround me too, and they are destined to capture the tribe of Judah, imprison them, and consider delivering each and every one to their enemies, and they will say, "Let our brethren come and rule over us, and let not our enemies rule over us" (Zechariah 12:2-3). But the Lord performs miracles for them and causes their enemies to fall before them, as it is said, "On that day, I will make the leaders of Judah like a fiery furnace among wood, and like a flaming torch among sheaves; they will consume all the surrounding peoples right and left, while Jerusalem itself remains intact in its place" (Zechariah 12:6). And they are like bees. Therefore, it is said in the name of the Lord, "For I will be with you like a mighty warrior" (Jeremiah 20:11). Just as a bee brings honey to its owner, so too will the Lord gather all the nations of the world and bring them up to Jerusalem, as it is said, "Behold, the day is coming for the Lord" (Zechariah 14:1). One might think that they will be there for real. Therefore, it is said, "They will be crushed like fiery thorns" (Zechariah 12:6). It is like a king upon whom thieves have come, and he is watchful. The king says, "If I stand over them, they will immediately say, 'What have we found in our hands from the underground hiding place?'" But I know that they will come three times. In the end, I will stand over them and kill them." This king is the Lord, and the thieves are the Gentile nations. The underground hiding place is the city, as it is said, "I will gather all the nations to Jerusalem" (Zechariah 14:2). And it is said, "The city will be captured, the houses plundered, the women ravished, and half the city exiled" (Zechariah 14:2). And the Lord goes out and fights against them, as it is said, "Then the Lord will go out and fight against those nations" (Zechariah 14:3). And the Lord sends a plague upon them, as it is said, "This will be the plague with which the Lord will strike all the nations" (Zechariah 14:12). And that is the entire passage. And they are like bees. Therefore, it is said in the name of the Lord, "For I will be with you like a mighty warrior" (Jeremiah 20:11). "You have pushed me violently to fall in my days of calamity, but the Lord..." (Lamentations 1:14).