시편 72:3 미드라쉬: Shemot Rabbah, Midrash Tehillim & Bereshit Rabbah

Another interpretation: “This month shall be for you [the first of months]” (Exodus 12:2) – that is what is written: “In his days let the righteous flourish, and abundance of peace, until the moon is no more” (Psalms 72:7). Before the Holy One blessed be He took Israel out of Egypt, He made it known to them by allusion that their royalty would endure for them for thirty generations, as it is stated: “This month shall be for you the first of months.” The month is thirty days, and your royalty will be thirty generations. On the first of Nisan, the moon begins to shine, and it gradually increases its light until the fifteenth day, and its orb becomes full. From fifteen until thirty days, its light wanes, and on the thirtieth it is not seen. So Israel, for fifteen generations from Abraham until Solomon. Abraham began to give light, as it is stated: “Who has risen from the east, righteousness attends his footsteps” (Isaiah 41:2). Isaac came, and he also gave light, as it is stated: “Light is sown for the righteous” (Psalms 97:11). Jacob came and added light, as it is stated: “The light of Israel shall be fire” (Isaiah 10:17). And then Judah, Peretz, Ḥetzron, Ram, Aminadav, Naḥshon, Salmon, Boaz. Oved, Yishai, David.
When Solomon came, the orb of the moon became full, as it is stated: “Solomon sat on the throne of the Lord as king” (I Chronicles 29:23). Can a person sit on the throne of the Holy One blessed be He, of whom it is stated: “His throne was fiery flames” (Daniel 7:9)? Rather, just as the Holy One blessed be He rules from one end of the world to the other end, and He rules over all the kings, as it is stated: “All the kings of the earth shall give thanks to You” (Psalms 138:4), so, Solomon ruled from one end of the world to the other end, as it is stated: “And all the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon…and each of them brought his gift” (II Chronicles 9:23–24). That is why it is stated: “Solomon sat on the throne of the Lord as king.” The garb of the Holy One blessed be He is majesty and glory, and He granted Solomon royal majesty, as it is stated: “He bestowed upon him royal majesty” (I Chronicles 29:25). Regarding the throne of the Holy One blessed be He it is written: “As for the likeness of their faces, the face of a man, and the face of a lion […and the face of an ox from the left for the four of them]” (Ezekiel 1:10), and regarding Solomon it is written: “And on the borders that were between the frames were lions, oxen” (I Kings 7:29), and another verse says: “Like the work of the chariot wheel” (I Kings 7:33). No evil touches the throne of the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “Evil will not reside with You” (Psalms 5:5); regarding Solomon, it is written: “There is neither adversary nor evil occurrence” (I Kings 5:18). The Holy One blessed be He made six heavens, and He sits in the seventh, and regarding the throne of Solomon it is written: “The throne had six steps” (I Kings 10:19), and he sat on the seventh step.
The orb of the moon thereby became full, and from there the kings began diminishing: “The son of Solomon, Reḥavam” (I Chronicles 3:10), the son of Reḥavam, Aviya, his son Asa, Yehoshafat, Yehoram, Ahaziah, Yoash, Amatzyahu, Uzziah, Yotam, Hezekiah, Menashe, Amon, Josiah, Yehoyakim. When Zedekiah came, as it is written: “He blinded the eyes of Zedekiah” (Jeremiah 52:11), the light of the moon was lacking. All those years, even though Israel was sinning, the patriarchs were praying for them and making peace between Israel and the Omnipresent, as it is stated: “Let the mountains bear peace to the people” (Psalms 72:3), and the mountains are nothing other than the patriarchs, as it is stated: “Hear, O heights, the Lord’s grievance” (Micah 6:2). Until when were the patriarchs praying for them? Until Zedekiah lost his eyes and the Temple was destroyed, as it is stated: “And abundance of peace, until the moon is no more,” until thirty generations that Israel had royalty. From that moment until now, who makes peace for Israel? It is the Lord, as it is stated: “May the Lord lift His countenance to you and grant you peace” (Numbers 6:26).

Let the mountains bring peace to the people, and the hills bring righteousness. Do the mountains really bring peace? Only when there are few fruits and quarrels arise in the world. When a person enters his friend's vineyard, he asks him, "What are you doing in my vineyard?" and they argue with each other. But when there are many fruits, there is goodwill in the world. As it says (Zechariah 3:10), "In that day, each of you will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and fig tree."

“And Pharaoh was dreaming” – do not all people dream? Astonishing! It is, rather, that a king’s dream pertains to the entire world.
“And Pharaoh was dreaming.” Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The wicked stand over their gods – “and Pharaoh was dreaming: and, behold, he stood at the Nile.”⁸The phrase “at [al] the Nile” can also be translated “over the Nile.” But the righteous, their God stands over them [to protect them]: “Behold, the Lord stood over him” (Genesis 28:13).
“And, behold, there were coming up from the Nile seven cows, fair of appearance and fat-fleshed, and they grazed in the pasture [baaḥu]. And, behold, seven other cows were coming up after them from the Nile, unsightly of appearance and lean of flesh, and stood alongside the other cows on the bank of the Nile” (Genesis 41:2–3).
“And, behold, [there were coming up] from the Nile” – it was a hint to him,⁹This was a hint as to the meaning of the dream. as plenty comes to Egypt only by means of the Nile, and similarly, famine comes to Egypt only by means of the Nile.
“And, behold, from the Nile” – when the years are good, the creatures become brethren [aḥim] with one another. “They grazed in the pasture [baaḥu]” – love [ahava] and fraternity [aḥva] come to the world. Likewise it says: “Your livestock will graze on that day on a broad plain [kar nirḥav]” (Isaiah 30:23) – a satiated [kiri] slave, a satiated [kiri] master. Likewise it says: “The mountains will bear peace [for the people]” (Psalms 72:3) – if the mountains have borne their produce, there is peace among the people.
“And, behold, seven stalks, thin and blighted by the east wind, were growing after them” (Genesis 41:6).
“And, behold, seven stalks, thin…” – when the years are bad, people’s bodies break out in sores.¹⁰The term employed by the verse for growing is tzomeḥot, and in rabbinic Hebrew the related term tzemaḥim is another word for sores.