시편 97:1 미드라쉬: Shemot Rabbah & Bereshit Rabbah

Another interpretation: “This month shall be for you [the first of months]” (Exodus 12:2) – that is what is written: “In his days let the righteous flourish, and abundance of peace, until the moon is no more” (Psalms 72:7). Before the Holy One blessed be He took Israel out of Egypt, He made it known to them by allusion that their royalty would endure for them for thirty generations, as it is stated: “This month shall be for you the first of months.” The month is thirty days, and your royalty will be thirty generations. On the first of Nisan, the moon begins to shine, and it gradually increases its light until the fifteenth day, and its orb becomes full. From fifteen until thirty days, its light wanes, and on the thirtieth it is not seen. So Israel, for fifteen generations from Abraham until Solomon. Abraham began to give light, as it is stated: “Who has risen from the east, righteousness attends his footsteps” (Isaiah 41:2). Isaac came, and he also gave light, as it is stated: “Light is sown for the righteous” (Psalms 97:11). Jacob came and added light, as it is stated: “The light of Israel shall be fire” (Isaiah 10:17). And then Judah, Peretz, Ḥetzron, Ram, Aminadav, Naḥshon, Salmon, Boaz. Oved, Yishai, David.
When Solomon came, the orb of the moon became full, as it is stated: “Solomon sat on the throne of the Lord as king” (I Chronicles 29:23). Can a person sit on the throne of the Holy One blessed be He, of whom it is stated: “His throne was fiery flames” (Daniel 7:9)? Rather, just as the Holy One blessed be He rules from one end of the world to the other end, and He rules over all the kings, as it is stated: “All the kings of the earth shall give thanks to You” (Psalms 138:4), so, Solomon ruled from one end of the world to the other end, as it is stated: “And all the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon…and each of them brought his gift” (II Chronicles 9:23–24). That is why it is stated: “Solomon sat on the throne of the Lord as king.” The garb of the Holy One blessed be He is majesty and glory, and He granted Solomon royal majesty, as it is stated: “He bestowed upon him royal majesty” (I Chronicles 29:25). Regarding the throne of the Holy One blessed be He it is written: “As for the likeness of their faces, the face of a man, and the face of a lion […and the face of an ox from the left for the four of them]” (Ezekiel 1:10), and regarding Solomon it is written: “And on the borders that were between the frames were lions, oxen” (I Kings 7:29), and another verse says: “Like the work of the chariot wheel” (I Kings 7:33). No evil touches the throne of the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “Evil will not reside with You” (Psalms 5:5); regarding Solomon, it is written: “There is neither adversary nor evil occurrence” (I Kings 5:18). The Holy One blessed be He made six heavens, and He sits in the seventh, and regarding the throne of Solomon it is written: “The throne had six steps” (I Kings 10:19), and he sat on the seventh step.
The orb of the moon thereby became full, and from there the kings began diminishing: “The son of Solomon, Reḥavam” (I Chronicles 3:10), the son of Reḥavam, Aviya, his son Asa, Yehoshafat, Yehoram, Ahaziah, Yoash, Amatzyahu, Uzziah, Yotam, Hezekiah, Menashe, Amon, Josiah, Yehoyakim. When Zedekiah came, as it is written: “He blinded the eyes of Zedekiah” (Jeremiah 52:11), the light of the moon was lacking. All those years, even though Israel was sinning, the patriarchs were praying for them and making peace between Israel and the Omnipresent, as it is stated: “Let the mountains bear peace to the people” (Psalms 72:3), and the mountains are nothing other than the patriarchs, as it is stated: “Hear, O heights, the Lord’s grievance” (Micah 6:2). Until when were the patriarchs praying for them? Until Zedekiah lost his eyes and the Temple was destroyed, as it is stated: “And abundance of peace, until the moon is no more,” until thirty generations that Israel had royalty. From that moment until now, who makes peace for Israel? It is the Lord, as it is stated: “May the Lord lift His countenance to you and grant you peace” (Numbers 6:26).

“Abraham took flocks and cattle, and gave them to Avimelekh, and the two of them established a covenant” (Genesis 21:27).
“Abraham set aside seven ewes of the flock by themselves” (Genesis 21:28).
“Avimelekh said to Abraham: What are these seven ewes that you have placed by themselves?” (Genesis 21:29).
“Abraham took flocks and cattle, and gave them to Avimelekh…Avimelekh said to Abraham: What are these seven ewes?” – the Holy One blessed be He said to him [Abraham]: ‘You gave seven ewes against My wishes,¹³God was not pleased that Abraham was making a covenant with an idolater (see Exodus 23:32). by your life, I will delay the rejoicing of your descendants for seven generations.’¹⁴The Exodus from Egypt did not occur until seven generations after Abraham.
‘You gave him seven ewes against My wishes, by your life, they [the Philistines] will correspondingly kill seven righteous men of your descendants.’ They are: Ḥofni and Pinḥas,¹⁵The sons of Eli the priest (I Samuel 4:11). Samson, and Saul and his three sons.
‘You gave him seven ewes against My wishes, they [the Philistines] will correspondingly destroy seven Sanctuaries of your descendants.’ These are: The Tent of Meeting, Gilgal, Nov, Givon, Shilo, and the two eternal Temples [in Jerusalem].
‘You gave him seven ewes against My wishes, My Ark will correspondingly circulate in the Philistine countryside for seven months.’ That is what is written: “He sent His strength into captivity, [and His splendor into the hand of the foe]” (Psalms 78:61) – this refers to the Ark of the Covenant. And it is written: “The Ark of the Lord was in the Philistine countryside seven months” (I Samuel 6:1). “And His splendor into the hand of the foe” – this refers to the priestly vestments, as it says: “You shall make holy vestments for Aaron…and for splendor” (Exodus 28:2).
Rabbi Yirmeya in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Rav Yitzḥak in the name of Rabbi Abba: Why were the people of Beit Shemesh stricken down?¹⁶When the Ark, which had been seized by the Philistines, was returned to that town (see I Samuel 6:19). It is because they demeaned the Ark. The Holy One blessed be He said: ‘Had one of them lost a chicken, he would have gone around to many doors [of his neighbors] in order to recover it, yet My Ark was in the Philistine countryside for seven months, and you paid it no attention. Though you paid it no attention, I will pay attention to it.’ “His right hand and His holy arm have wrought salvation for Him” (Psalms 98:1).¹⁷This verse is taken as a reference to the retrieval of the Ark from the Philistines.
That is what is written: “The cows¹⁸Who were pulling the wagon carrying the Ark from the Philistines to Beit Shemesh. went directly [vayisharna] on the road” (I Samuel 6:12) – they were walking in a straight path. [Alternatively,] they turned their faces toward the Ark¹⁹Out of respect for it. and sang a song of praise. That is what is written: “Vayisharna” – they sang a song of praise [shira] with their mouths.
What was the song that they sang? Rabbi Meir said: They recited the Song of the Sea. Here it is stated: “They went, lowing [vega’u] as they went” (I Samuel 6:12), and there [in the Song of the Sea] it is stated: “As He is greatly exalted [gao gaa]” (Exodus 15:1). Rabbi Yoḥanan said: [They sang:] “Sing to the Lord a new song” (Psalms 98:1). The Rabbis say: [They sang:] “The Lord reigns; let the earth rejoice” (Psalms 97:1). Rabbi Yirmeya said in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Yitzḥak: [They sang] three [songs:] “Sing to the Lord a new song” (Psalms 98:1); “Sing to the Lord all the earth” (Psalms 96:1); “The Lord reigns; peoples tremble” (Psalms 99:1). Eliyahu taught: [This was their song:] ‘Rise, acacia wood,²⁰The Ark was made of acacia wood (Exodus 25:10). soar in your abundant glory, decorated with golden embroidery, extolled in the innermost Sanctuary of the palace, adorned between two cherubs.’
Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said [of those cows]: How many exertions did [Moses,] the son of Amram, expend until he taught the art of song to the Levites, and you [the cows] recite song on your own? May your strength be true.