히브리어 성경
히브리어 성경

에스더 3:15의 미드라쉬

הָֽרָצִ֞ים יָצְא֤וּ דְחוּפִים֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֑ה וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְהָמָן֙ יָשְׁב֣וּ לִשְׁתּ֔וֹת וְהָעִ֥יר שׁוּשָׁ֖ן נָבֽוֹכָה׃ (פ)

역졸이 왕의 명을 받들어 급히 나가매 그 조서가 도성 수산에도 반포되니 왕은 하만과 함께 앉아 마시되 수산 성은 어지럽더라

Mekhilta d'Rabbi Yishmael

(Exodus 14:3) "And Pharaoh will say about the children of Israel: They are nevuchim in the land": "nevuchim" is "confounded," as in (Joel 1:18) "How the beasts groan! The herds of cattle navochu!" Variantly: "nevuchim" — "bewildered," as in (Esther 3:15) "And the king and Haman sat down to feast, and the city of Shushan navochah." Variantly: "And Pharaoh said": He said and he did not know what he was saying. (i.e., unbeknownst to him he was prophesying. On the surface) he was saying that Moses was leading them without knowing where — but "nevuchim" (prophetically) intimates Moses, viz. (Devarim 32:49) "Ascend the Mount Avarim, Mount Nevo, (short for 'nevuchim')." Variantly: "And Pharaoh said," without knowing what he was saying, viz.: Israel are destined to cry ("livkoth" as in "nevochim") in the desert, viz. (Numbers 14:1) "And the entire congregation lifted their voices and the people cried (vayivku)" Israel are destined to fall in the desert, viz. (Ibid. 29) "In this desert shall your carcasses fall."
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Esther Rabbah

“The couriers went out urgently by the king’s command, and the order was issued in the Shushan citadel; the king and Haman sat to drink, and the city of Shushan was confounded” (Esther 3:15).
“The couriers went out urgently by the king’s command… the king and Haman sat to drink.” Rabbi Ḥanin said: Anyone who says that the All-Merciful is forbearing, his innards will be forborne. Rather, He withholds His anger, but [later] collects His due. He said to the tribes: ‘You sold your brother while eating and drinking. I will do the same to you;’23Joseph’s brothers “sat down to eat a meal” (Genesis 37:25) when they came up with the idea of selling Joseph into slavery. that is what is written: “And the king and Haman sat to drink.”
There was a certain man of Israel who went to the marketplace to purchase a litra of meat or a bunch of greens; a Persian choked him and said to him: ‘Tomorrow I will kill you and spend your money’; that is what is written: “And the city of Shushan was confounded.”
Rabbi Yissakhar of Kefar Mandi said: See how long it takes for the resolution [of the statement] of one who forgave, saying: “It was not you who sent me here, but rather God…” (Genesis 45:8).24Joseph to his brothers. The punishment for the sale of Joseph was in effect until the days of Mordekhai; for one who does not forgive, all the more so.
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