창세기 19:23의 미드라쉬

And whence is it derived that He showed him Barak? From (Devarim 34:2) "and all of Naftali," it being written elsewhere (Judges 4:6) "And she sent and summoned Barak the son of Avinoam of Kedesh-Naftali." And whence is it derived that He showed him Joshua in his kingdom? From (Devarim, Ibid.) "and the land of Ephraim," it being written elsewhere (Numbers 13:8) "from the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Nun." And whence is it derived that He showed him Gideon? From (Devarim, Ibid.) "Menasheh," it being written (of Gideon) elsewhere (Shoftim 6:15) "My clan is the humblest in Menasheh". And whence is it derived that He showed him David in his kingdom? From (Devarim, Ibid.) "and the whole land of Judah," it being written elsewhere (I Chronicles 28:4) "And the L rd … chose me (David) of all the house of my father to be king over Israel forever. For he chose Judah to be ruler." And whence is it derived that He showed him all the west? From (Devarim, Ibid.) "until the western sea (the Mediterranean)." And whence is it derived that He showed him even the graves of the forefathers? From (Ibid. 3) "and the south," it being written of their graves that they are in the south, viz. (Numbers 13:12) "and they went up into the south and they came to Chevron" (where the forefathers are buried.) And whence is it derived that He showed him the overturning of Sodom and Gemorah? From (Devarim, Ibid.) "and the plain," it being written elsewhere (of these cities, Genesis 19:25) "and He overturned these cities and all of the plain." And whence is it derived that He showed him Gog and all of his hosts? From (Devarim, Ibid.) "the valley of Jericho, Gog and all of his hosts being destined to ascend and to fall in the valley of Jericho. Variantly: "in the valley of Jericho": Now can the valley of Jericho not be seen by any person? (The intent is:) Just as a plain is cultivated, one field of wheat, another of barley, so He showed him all of Eretz Yisrael cultivated as the valley of Jericho. And whence is it derived that He showed him Devorah? From (Ibid.) "the city of palm trees until Tzoar," it being written elsewhere (Judges 4:5) "and she sat under the Palm of Devorah." And whence is it derived that He showed him the wife of Lot? From "until Tzoar," and elsewhere (Genesis 19:23) "and Lot came to Tzoar."

[(Gen. 19:24:) THEN THE LORD RAINED DOWN UPON SODOM.] This text is related (to Ps. 58:9 [8]): LET THEM BE LIKE A SNAIL (ShBLWL),< WHICH DISSOLVES AND GOES AWAY; LIKE A WOMAN'S STILLBIRTH, THEY HAVE NOT SEEN THE SUN >.⁶⁶Cf. Gen. R. 51:1. [Just as a flood stream (ShBLT) is swept away, so were the people of Sodom swept away. WHICH DISSOLVES AND GOES AWAY], in that the Holy One dissolved them in fire. LIKE A WOMAN'S STILLBIRTH, THEY HAVE NOT SEEN THE SUN, in that the people of Sodom did not see < it any more >, as stated (in Gen. 19:23): THE SUN HAD RISEN OVER THE EARTH < WHEN LOT CAME TO ZOHAR >. What < else > is written there (in vs. 24)? THEN THE LORD RAINED DOWN UPON SODOM < AND UPON GOMORRAH BRIMSTONE AND FIRE >.

(Gen. 19:5:) AND THEY CALLED UNTO LOT < AND SAID TO HIM: WHERE ARE THE MEN > … THAT WE MAY KNOW THEM.⁸⁷Cf. Gen. R. 50:5-8. < They did so > because they desired to rape them. R. Hiyya bar Abba said: From here you learn that they were lecherous. He said to them (in vs. 8): LOOK HERE, I HAVE TWO DAUGHTERS WHO HAVE NOT KNOWN ANYONE. < The verse > teaches that he wanted to bring them into the midst of his house, but that his wife would not let him. What did he do? He brought them to his own part of the house.⁸⁸Literally: “To midst of his own rafter.” (Gen. 19:11:) SO THAT THEY WERE UNABLE TO FIND THE DOOR.⁸⁹I.e., the door to the women’s quarters. When < the angels > saw that the < Sodomites > deserved destruction, they also rescued Lot. What is written there (in Gen. 19:23-25)? THE SUN HAD RISEN UPON THE EARTH … THEN THE LORD RAINED DOWN UPON SODOM < … > AND HE DESTROYED THOSE CITIES. Perhaps you will say: He destroyed it with his five fingers.⁹⁰See above, 4:15. R. Ayyevu said: < It was > with one of his fingers < that > he destroyed the cities of Sodom, as stated (in Job 28:9): HE PUT OUT HIS HAND BAHALLAMISH.⁹¹The midrash has interpreted bahallamish (“against the hard rock”) as bahamishi (“with the fifth”). In the world to come, when the Holy One heals Israel, he will heal her, as stated (in Hos. 2:17 [15]): I WILL GIVE < ISRAEL > HER VINEYARDS FROM THERE. HER VINEYARDS: These are the prophets. (Ibid.:) THE VALLEY OF ACHOR (rt.: 'KR) IS WITH A DOOR OF HOPE. < This means >: A valley which I afflicted (rt.: 'KR) with my wrath IS WITH A DOOR OF HOPE. At that time they will voice a song, as stated (in ibid., cont.): AND SHE WILL RESPOND (rt.: 'NH) FROM THERE AS IN THE DAYS OF HER YOUTH; and one does not use RESPOND (rt.: 'NH) except in reference to song. Thus one finds stated (in Ps. 147:7): SING (rt.: 'NH) TO THE LORD WITH THANKSGIVING.

Rabbi Jannai said: || All the hosts of heaven pass away and are renewed every day. What are the hosts of heaven? The sun, the moon, the stars, and the constellations. Know that it is so. Come and see, for when the sun turns in order to set in the west, it bathes in the waters of the Ocean and extinguishes the flames of the sun, and no light is left, and it has no flame all night long until it comes to the east. When it arrives at the east it washes itself in the river of fire, like a man who kindles his lamp in the midst of the fire. Likewise the sun kindles its lamps and puts on its flames and ascends to give light upon the earth, and it renews every day the work of the Creation. And thus (it is) until even comes. At evening-time the moon and the stars and the constellations wash themselves in the river of hail, and they ascend to give light upon the earth. In the future that is to come, the Holy One, blessed be He, will renew them and add to their light a sevenfold light, as it is said, "Moreover, the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven days" (Isa. 30:26). "In the day" (ibid.). Like which day? In the day of the redemption of Israel, as it is said, "In the day that the Lord bindeth up the hurt of his people" (ibid.).

[Variantly: "until Tzoar": He showed him the wife of Lot, (who had been turned into a pillar of salt), it being written here "until Tzoar," and elsewhere (Bereshith 19:23) "and Lot came to Tzoar" [followed by (Ibid. 26) "and she was turned into a pillar of salt"]) Variantly: "until Tzoar": He showed him Gehinnom near her, which is narrow above and wide below, as it is written (Iyyov 36:16) "And He has also led you from a mouth narrow-wide, with no constriction beneath it."] Variantly: "until Tzoar": He showed him the oppressors of Israel, like the tax-gougers, who lived with the exiles and were destined to go lost with them.