창세기 34:8의 미드라쉬

The thistle refers to Hamor, and the cedar that was in Lebanon alludes to Jacob, who was compared to a cedar, as is said” He shall grow as a cedar in lebanon (Ps. 92:13). Give thy daughter to my son for a wife refers to Shechem, for he said to him: The soul of my son Shechem longeth for your daughter (Gen. 34:8).

(Gen. 34:1:) NOW LEAH'S DAUGHTER DINAH … WENT OUT. This text is related (to Prov. 11:12): ONE WHO DESPISES HIS NEIGHBOR IS LACKING IN SENSE. Whoever scorns his neighbor is called LACKING IN SENSE. But, if that same person who was despised was a person of knowledge and understanding, he would put his hand over his mouth and be silent. Thus it is stated (ibid., cont.): BUT A PERSON OF UNDERSTANDING WILL KEEP SILENT. (Prov. 11:12:) ONE WHO DESPISES HIS NEIGHBOR IS LACKING IN SENSE. This is Hamor,⁵¹A name which means “ass” in Hebrew. the father of Shechem, who said (in Gen. 34:8): THE SOUL OF MY SON, SHECHEM, LONGS FOR YOUR DAUGHTER. (Prov. 11:12, cont.:) BUT A PERSON OF UNDERSTANDING WILL KEEP SILENT. This is Jacob of whom it is stated (in Gen. 34:5): SO JACOB KEPT SILENCE UNTIL THEY CAME. For what reason? On account of this corruption (in Gen. 34:1-2): NOW LEAH'S DAUGHTER DINAH, < WHOM SHE HAD BORNE TO JACOB > WENT OUT…. < THEN SHECHEM BEN HAMOR THE HIVITE, THE PRINCE OF THE LAND, SAW HER. SO HE TOOK HER, LAY WITH HER, AND VIOLATED HER >.

(Gen. 34:1:) NOW < LEAH'S DAUGHTER > DINAH … WENT OUT. This text is related (to II Kings 14:9): THE THISTLE THAT WAS IN LEBANON. This thistle was Shechem's father, Hamor.⁵⁴Gen. R. 80:3; cf. Tanh., Gen. 8:7; cf. also rule 26 in the thirty-two middot of R. Eliezer b. R. Jose the Galilean. (Ibid., cont.:) SENT TO THE CEDAR THAT WAS IN LEBANON. This is Jacob, as stated (in Ps. 92:13 [12]): THE RIGHTEOUS ONE SHALL FLOURISH LIKE THE PALM, LIKE A CEDAR IN LEBANON SHALL HE GROW. (II Kings 14:9, cont.:) GIVE YOUR DAUGHTER TO MY SON FOR A WIFE. Thus it says (in Gen. 34:8): PLEASE GIVE HER TO HIM FOR A WIFE. (II Kings 14:9, cont.:) BUT A WILD BEAST PASSED BY. These are the tribes, who have been compared to wild beasts.⁵⁵See Gen. R. 99:4. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 49:9): JUDAH IS A LION'S WHELP, (in vs. 27:) BENJAMIN IS A RAVENOUS WOLF, (in vs. 21:) NAPHTHALI IS A HIND LET LOOSE, (and in vs. 14:) ISSACHAR IS A STRONG-BONED ASS. (II Kings 14:9, cont.:) AND TRAMPLED DOWN THE THISTLE. This is Hamor and his son Shechem, whom < the tribes > killed with the edge of the sword because of Dinah, as stated (in Gen. 34:1): NOW LEAH'S DAUGHTER DINAH … WENT OUT. In every place the female child is accompanied by males, but here she is accompanied by her mother. Thus, the corruption had begun with her mother.

It is written of Israel (in Deut. 7:7): THE LORD HAS DELIGHTED IN YOU AND CHOSEN YOU. It is also written (in Gen. 34:3): AND HE (Shechem) LOVED THE MAIDEN (Dinah). Now you would not know what that love was; [however, from the fact that he set his soul upon her, you do know what love was]. How much the more so in the case of the Holy One, when he said to Israel (in Mal. 1:2): I HAVE LOVED YOU! (According to Deut. 7:7:) THE LORD HAS DELIGHTED IN YOU; you do not know how. We do, however, learn from Shechem, as stated (in Gen. 34:8): THE SOUL OF MY SON, SHECHEM, LONGS FOR YOUR DAUGHTER. R. Abbahu said: We have learned from putrid secretion (i.e., mere mortals). It is written about Shechem (in Gen. 34:3): AND HIS SOUL CLUNG TO JACOB'S DAUGHTER DINAH; and it is written about Israel (in Deut. 4:4): BUT YOU WHO CLUNG TO THE LORD YOUR GOD ARE ALL ALIVE TODAY.

... “He will save him because He delights in him.” (Tehillim 22:9) R’ Shimon ben Lakish said that the Holy One expressed His love for Israel with three languages of affection, with ‘cleaving,’ with ‘desiring,’ and with ‘wanting.’ With cleaving – “But you who cleave to the Lord your God are alive…” (Devarim 4:4) With desiring – “…did the Lord desire you…” (Devarim 7:7) With wanting – “…for the Lord wants you…” (Yeshayahu 62:4) We learn all of these from that wicked one of the story of “And Dinah went out…” (Bereshit 34:1) With cleaving – “And his soul cleaved to Dinah…” (Bereshit 34:3) With desiring – “My son Shechem his soul desires your daughter.” (Bereshit 34:8) With wanting – “…because he wanted Jacob's daughter…” (Bereshit 34:19) R’ Aba bar Elisha added two more, with love and with speaking to the heart. With love, as it says “I loved you, said the Lord…” (Malachi 1:2) With speaking to the heart, as it says “Speak to the heart of Jerusalem…” (Yeshayahu 40:2) We learn these also from the story of that wicked one – “…he loved the girl and spoke to the girl's heart.” (Bereshit 34:3) “He will save him because He delights in him.”