창세기 5:21의 미드라쉬

(Deut. 14:22:) YOU SHALL SURELY TITHE <ALL>. Moses said: Sovereign of the World, does it follow from here that one takes out a tithe? The Holy One said to him (in Job 8:8, 10): SO PLEASE ASK A FORMER GENERATION, AND CONFIRM THE RESEARCH OF THEIR ANCESTORS…. WILL THEY NOT INSTRUCT YOU AND TELL YOU….? How so? (I Chron. 1:1:) ADAM, SETH, ENOSH. From Adam up to Noah there are ten generations,¹I.e., Adam, 2. Seth, 3. Enosh, 4. Kenan, 5. Mahalalel, 6. Jared, 7. Enoch, 8. Methuselah, 9. Lamech, and 10. Noah. See Tanh., Gen. 9:1; TDER (16), p. 80 (Friedmann). and I took the tenth.²Probably Noah (Gen. 6:9), but possibly Enoch (Gen. 5:21). See PRK 23:10. From Noah to Abraham there are ten generations,³I.e., 1. Noah, 2. Arpachshad, 3. Shelah, 4. Eber, 5. Peleg, 6. Reu, 7. Serug, 8. Nahor, 9. Terah, 10. Abraham. and I took the tenth, which was Abraham. So it is therefore written (in Job 8:10): WILL THEY NOT INSTRUCT YOU AND TELL YOU to take out one tenth? (Deut. 15:20:) YEAR BY YEAR. If you have taken out a tithe during a given year, you gain merit for another year. R. Abba bar Kahana said: The importance of tithes is <mentioned> throughout all the Torah (in the Law, in the Prophets, and in the Writings). It is written (in Deut. 6:16): DO NOT PUT THE LORD YOUR GOD TO THE TEST <AS YOU PUT HIM TO THE TEST THROUGH A TAX (MSH)>.⁴So the midrash understands this verse. Since Deut. 6:16 refers to an incident at Massah (MSH) in Exod. 17:1–7, biblical translations render the bracketed clause to mean, AS YOU PUT HIM TO THE TEST AT MASSAH. Exod. 17:1–7 also explains in vs. 7 that MASSAH means “test.” The midrash, however, either revowels MSH as MISSAH, a word which means “tribute,” “contribution,” or “quota,” in this case the tithe, or perhaps understands the name as a form of mas, which had come to mean “tax.” Also in reference to tithes it is written (in Mal. 3:10): [BRING ALL THE TITHE <INTO THE STOREHOUSE, THAT THERE MAY BE FOOD IN MY HOUSE>]. SO PLEASE TEST ME IN THIS, <SAYS THE LORD OF HOSTS>. And who tested the tithes? The generation of Hezekiah, as stated (in II Chron. 31:9–10): THEN HEZEKIAH {THE KING} QUESTIONED <THE PRIESTS AND THE LEVITES> ABOUT THE HEAPS (of produce). SO THE CHIEF PRIEST AZARIAH OF THE HOUSE OF ZADOK SPOKE [UNTO HIM] <AND SAID: EVER SINCE PEOPLE BEGAN TO BRING THE TERUMAH (i.e., the priestly tithe on produce) TO THE HOUSE OF THE LORD,> WE HAVE EATEN {AND HAVE DRUNK} [AND HAVE BEEN SATISFIED], WHILE LEAVING OVER <FOOD IN GREAT AMOUNTS>. Why? (Ibid., cont.:) BECAUSE THE LORD HAS BLESSED HIS PEOPLE. The Holy One said: In this world I have blessed one generation, but hereafter in the world to come, I am blessing <all the generations of> Israel, as stated (in Jer. 31:22 [23]): AGAIN THEY SHALL SAY THIS THING {ON THE MOUNTAIN OF THE LORD, IN JERUSALEM, AND IN ALL THE CITIES OF JUDAH} [IN THE LAND OF JUDAH AND ITS CITIES, WHEN I RESTORE THEM AS BEFORE]: MAY THE LORD BLESS YOU, O HABITATION OF {RIGHTEOUS HOLINESS} [RIGHTEOUSNESS], O HOLY MOUNTAIN.

And it was at the end of many years when Zillah became old that the Lord remembered her, ‎and she conceived and bare a son and called his name Tubal-Cain, saying: After I have ‎withered away I have obtained pleasure and joy.‎ And Lamech became aged and advanced in years, and his eyes grew dim so that he could not ‎see, and Tubal Cain his son was his guide. One day Lamech and his son Tubal-Cain went out for ‎a walk, and as they passed on through the fields together, Cain the son of Adam was walking ‎to and fro in another field opposite them. Now Lamech was very old and unable to see and ‎Tubal Cain a mere child, and seeing something moving about in the distance, Tubal-Cain ‎directed his father's bow and bade him shoot at what he took for a wild animal. Lamech did ‎accordingly discharge his weapon and slew Cain with his arrows.‎ And as the arrows entered Cain’s body, he being in the distance, he fell prostrate upon the ‎ground and died. Thus the Lord repaid unto Cain evil according to the wickedness that he had ‎done unto his brother Abel, in keeping with the word of the Lord which he hath spoken unto ‎him.‎ And when Cain was dead, Lamech and Tubal-Cain went to see what kind of an animal they had ‎killed, and they found Cain their grandfather lying dead upon the ground.‎ And Lamech was greatly grieved for having done that deed and in his sorrow and lamentation ‎he clapped his hands together, and while doing so he struck his son with his hands, and killed ‎him.‎ And when the wives of Lamech heard what Lamech had done they sought to kill him.‎ And the wives of Lamech hated him from that day on, because of his having killed Cain and ‎Tubal-Cain, and the wives of Lamech separated from him, and would not even lis ten to his ‎explanation in those days. But finally La mech came and pressed them to hear him on that ‎matter, and he said unto his wives: Adah and Zillah listen to my voice, wives of Lamech give ear ‎unto my words. Now you believe and say that I have slain a man to my wounding and a young ‎man to my hurt, for no harm done to me. Do you not know that I am old and gray and that ‎mine eyes are heavy, wherefore I must have done all those things without my knowledge? ‎And the wives of Lamech hearkened unto these words and returned unto him, following the ‎advice of their father Adam. Yet they bare him no children from that day on, for they knew ‎that the anger of the Lord was growing daily against the sons of man in those days, to destroy ‎them by the waters of the flood, on account of their wickedness.‎ And Mehalaleel son of Cain lived sixty-five years and begat Jared; and Jared lived one hundred ‎and sixty two years and begat Enoch; and Enoch lived sixty-five years and begat Methuselah.‎ And Enoch walked with God after he begat Methuselah; and he served the Lord and despised ‎the evil ways of the sons of man, and Enoch’s soul was wedded to morality to wisdom and to ‎understanding, and he learned the ways of the Lord.‎ And in his wisdom he separated himself from the sons of man, and he isolated himself against ‎them for many days.