욥기 24:12의 미드라쉬

Rabbi Ḥanina began in this manner: “I struggle [mavligiti] to overcome sorrow; my heart aches within me” (Jeremiah 8:18). What is mavligiti? Due to the lack [mibeli] of people contemplating the Torah to fulfill mitzvot and good deeds, I turned My Temple into My winepress [giti]. Nevertheless, “My heart aches within Me” over the Temple. That is what is written: “For this our heart aches…” (Lamentations 5:17).
And it is written: “Behold the sound of the cry of [shavat] the daughter of My people from a distant land” (Jeremiah 8:19). Rabbi Yoḥanan said: This expression is used in three senses: Ze’aka, shava, and ne’aka.¹²⁶These are three similar terms for crying out. Ze’aka indicates crying out in a loud and extended manner. Ne’aka is a form of crying out that is not loud at all. Shava generally means crying out but not as loud or long as ze’aka. It can also refer to any of these types of cries. (Etz Yosef). Ze’aka, as it is written: “The children of Israel sighed due to the work and they cried out [vayizaku], and their plea [shavatam] rose [to God from the work]” (Exodus 2:23). Shava, as it is written: “Behold the sound of the cry of [shavat] the daughter of My people.” Ne’aka, as it is written: “God heard their moaning [naakatam]” (Exodus 2:24). Rabbi Huna the Great of Tzippori says: It is an expression of convulsing. That is what is written: “And groan [venaak] the groans of [naakot] the slain” (Ezekiel 30:24). And it is written: “The souls of the dead cry [teshave’a]” (Job 24:12). “Is the Lord not in Zion? Is its King not in it?” (Jeremiah 8:19). Had He been there, they would not have been exiled. When they sinned they were exiled. When they were exiled, Jeremiah began lamenting over them: “How does…sit solitary?” (Lamentations 1:1).

Rabbi Nechunia, son of Haḳḳanah, said: Know thou the power of repentance. Come and see from Pharaoh, king of Egypt, who rebelled most grievously against the Rock, the Most High, as it is said, "Who is the Lord, that I should hearken unto his voice?" (Ex. 5:2). In the same terms of speech in which he sinned, he repented, as it is said "Who is like thee, O Lord, among the mighty?" (Ex. 15:11). The Holy One, blessed be He, delivered him from amongst the dead. Whence (do we know) that he died? Because it is said, "For now I had put forth my hand, and smitten thee" (Ex. 9:15). He went and ruled in Nineveh. The men of Nineveh were writing fraudulent deeds, and everyone robbed his neighbour, and they committed sodomy, and such-like wicked actions. When the Holy One, blessed be He, sent for Jonah, to prophesy against (the city) its destruction, Pharaoh hearkened and arose from his throne, rent his garments and clothed himself in sackcloth and ashes, and had a proclamation made to all his people, that all the people should fast for two days, || and all who did these (wicked) things should be burnt by fire. What did they do? The men were on one side, and the women on the other, and their children were by themselves; all the clean animals were on one side, and their offspring were by themselves. The infants saw the breasts of their mothers, (and they wished) to have suck, and they wept. The mothers saw their children, (and they wished) to give them suck. By the merit of 4123 children more than twelve hundred thousand men (were saved), as it is said, "And should not I have pity on Nineveh, that great city; wherein are more than six score thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much cattle?" (Jonah 4:11); "And the Lord repented of the evil, which he said he would do unto them" (Jonah 3:10). For forty years was the Holy One, blessed be He, slow to anger with them, corresponding to the forty days during which He had sent Jonah. After forty years they returned to their many evil deeds, more so than their former ones, and they were swallowed up like the dead, in the lowest Sheol, as it is said, "Out of the city of the dead they groan" (Job 24:12).