욥기 9:4의 미드라쉬

“Who is like the wise man, and who knows the meaning of a matter? The wisdom of a man illuminates his face, and the boldness of his face is changed” (Ecclesiastes 8:1).
“Who is like the wise man” – this is the Holy One blessed be He, in whose regard it is written: “Wise of heart, mighty in strength” (Job 9:4). “And who knows the meaning of a matter” – for He explained the Torah to Moses. “The wisdom of a man illuminates his face” – Rabbi Shimon said: Great is the ability of the prophets, as they compare the [human] form to its maker,¹By portraying God in human terms. as it is written: “I heard the voice of a man between the banks of Ulai” (Daniel 8:16). Rabbi Yudan said: We have a verse that is clearer than that, as it is written: “And upon the likeness of the throne there was a likeness like the appearance of a man upon it, from above” (Ezekiel 1:26). “And the boldness of his face is changed” – He changes from the attribute of justice to the attribute of mercy regarding Israel.

(Exod. 13:17:) NOW IT CAME TO PASS, WHEN PHARAOH HAD LET <THE PEOPLE> GO…. This text is related (to Job 9:4): ONE WISE OF HEART AND MIGHTY IN STRENGTH—WHO HAS HARDENED HIMSELF AGAINST HIM AND PROSPERED? [ONE WISE OF HEART:] This is the Holy One, as stated (in Job 12:13): WITH HIM ARE WISDOM AND {UNDERSTANDING} [VALOR]. (Job 9:4, cont.:) WHO HAS HARDENED HIMSELF AGAINST HIM AND PROSPERED? The generation of the flood hardened themselves against him; so he washed them away with water. The generation of the dispersion hardened themselves against him; <so> he dispersed them throughout the world. The people of Sodom hardened themselves against him, and what was their end? (Gen. 19:24:) THEN THE LORD RAINED DOWN UPON SODOM <… BRIMSTONE AND FIRE.> (Exod. 5:2:) PHARAOH SAID: WHO IS THE LORD? For the Holy One had said to him (in vs. 1): LET MY PEOPLE GO; but he also hardened himself, as stated (in Exod. 13:15): AND IT CAME TO PASS, WHEN PHARAOH HARDENED HIMSELF AGAINST LETTING {THEM} [US] GO. As soon as the plague of the first-born came upon him, he immediately let them go. It is therefore stated (in Exod. 13:17): NOW IT CAME TO PASS, WHEN PHARAOH HAD LET < THE PEOPLE > GO….

(Lev. 19:2:) “You shall be holy.” Why? Because I have made you cling to My loins, as stated (in Jer. 13:11), “For as the girdle clings unto one's loins, [so I have made all the House of Israel and all the House of Judah cling to Me, says the Lord].” Therefore, “You shall be holy, because I, the Lord am holy.” The Holy One, blessed be He, said to them, [i.e.,] to Israel, “I am not like flesh and blood. With a king of flesh and blood, mortals have no right to be called by his name. You yourself know that, when someone wants to accuse¹²Gk.: kategorein. his fellow, he calls him Augustus¹³Lat.: Augusta. The text should read Augustus. See Jastrow, s.v., Agusta (‘GWST’). so-and-so; and there is no life for him. But Israel is called by the name of the Holy One, blessed be He.” He is called God (Powers); and He has called Israel powers, as stated (in Ps. 82:6), “I said, ‘You are powers.’” He is called wise, as stated (in Job 9:4), “One wise of heart and mighty in strength”; and He has called Israel wise, as stated (in Deut. 4:6), “surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.” God is called beloved, as stated (in Cant. 5:10), “My beloved is bright and ruddy”; and He has called them beloved, as stated (Cant. 5:1), “eat, friends, [and drink to excess, beloved ones].” He is called chosen, as stated (in Cant. 5:15), “stately (literally: chosen) as the cedars”; and He has called them chosen, as stated (in Deut. 7:6), “the Lord your God has chosen you.” He is called pious, as stated (in Jer. 3:12), “’For I am pious,’ says the Lord”; and He has called them pious, as stated (in Ps. 50:5), “Gather to me, my pious ones.” He is called holy, as stated (in Is. 6:3), “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts,” and also (Ps. 99:9), “for the Lord our God is holy”; and He has called Israel holy, as stated (in Lev. 19:2), “You shall be holy.” The Holy One, blessed be He, said, “In this world you have been called holy. In the world to come (according to Is. 4:3), “And it shall come to pass that the one who is left in Zion and who remains in Jerusalem shall be called holy.”

(Lev. 19:2:) YOU SHALL BE HOLY. Why? (Ibid., cont.:) BECAUSE I< , THE LORD YOUR GOD, > AM HOLY; for I have made you cling to my loins, as stated (in Jer. 13:11): FOR, AS THE GIRDLE CLINGS UNTO ONE'S LOINS, < SO I HAVE MADE ALL THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL AND ALL THE HOUSE OF JUDAH CLING TO ME, SAYS THE LORD >.¹⁶Tanh., Lev. 7:5. The Holy One said to them, < i.e., > to Israel, I am not like flesh and blood. With a king of flesh and blood, mortals have no right to be called by his name. You yourself know that, when someone wants to accuse¹⁷Gk.: kategorein. his fellow, he calls him Augustus¹⁸Lat.: Augusta. The text should read Augustus. See Jastrow, s.v., Agusta (‘GWST’). so-and-so; and there is no life for him. But Israel is called by the name of the Holy One. He is called God; and he has called Israel gods, as stated (in Ps. 82:6): I SAID: YOU ARE GODS. He is called wise, as stated (in Job 9:4): ONE WISE OF HEART AND MIGHTY IN STRENGTH; and he has called Israel wise, as stated (in Deut. 4:6): SURELY THIS GREAT NATION IS A WISE AND UNDERSTANDING PEOPLE. God is called beloved, as stated (in Cant. 5:10): MY BELOVED IS BRIGHT AND RUDDY; and he has called them beloved, as stated (Cant. 5:1): EAT, FRIENDS, AND DRINK TO EXCESS, BELOVED ONES. He is called chosen, as stated (in Cant. 5:15): STATELY (literally: CHOSEN) AS THE CEDARS; and he has called them chosen, as stated (in Deut. 7:6): [THE LORD YOUR GOD] HAS CHOSEN YOU. He is called pious, as stated (in Jer. 3:12): FOR [I] AM PIOUS, SAYS THE LORD; and he has called them pious, as stated (in Ps. 50:5): GATHER TO ME, MY PIOUS ONES. He is called holy, as stated (in Is. 6:3): HOLY, HOLY, HOLY IS THE LORD OF HOSTS; and he has called Israel holy, [as stated (in Lev. 19:2): YOU SHALL BE HOLY.] The Holy One said: In this world you have been called holy, but in the world to come (according to Is. 4:3): AND IT SHALL COME TO PASS THAT THE ONE WHO IS LEFT IN ZION AND WHO REMAINS IN JERUSALEM SHALL BE CALLED HOLY.

7. "And each man cast his staff." Yohani and Mamreh [two Egyptian sorcerers] said to Moses: 'You have brought grain to Aphri'im [A city will plenty of grain].' [Moses] responded to them: 'To a city of vegetables, take vegetables' [i.e. to impress people, bring what they appreciate]. "And the staff of Aaron of swallowed their [the sorcerers'] staffs." There it is written: "A fool vents, a wise man calms it down." (Proverbs 29:11). The fool releases all his words at once when he comes to quarrel with his friend, and the wise man, at the end, comes to remove it. Another interpretation: "A fool vents, a wise man calms it down." This is the case by Ahaseurus who stood up and negated the work of the Temple. Therefore his kingdom could only fill half the world. What is written about him? "When he showed off the great wealth of his kingdom etc." The Sages of Blessed Memory says that six treasures would [Ahaseurus] show [his party's guests] each day and none of them was like any of the others. And afterwards he would send [presents] to all the important people of the kingdom. And Rabbi Hiyya son of Abba says that he would show them types of...Another interpretation

Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa began: “A wise man judged with a foolish man, he is wrathful or amused, but there is no satisfaction” (Proverbs 29:9) – Rabbi Simon said: Anyone who judges [dan] the fool, he himself is judged.⁴¹Many interpret the term dan here to mean rebukes, such that the sentence means: Whoever rebukes a fool is deserving of rebuke. That is what is written: “A wise man judged”; it is not written “judges,” but rather “judged.”
Another matter: “A wise man judged” (Proverbs 29:9) – this is the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “He is wise of heart and mighty of power” (Job 9:4). “With a foolish man” (Proverbs 29:9) – this is Israel, as it is stated: “My people is foolish” (Jeremiah 4:22). “He is wrathful or amused” (Proverbs 29:9) – I have been wrathful but there is no satisfaction; I have been amused, but there is no satisfaction. I have been wrathful at you during the reign of Pekaḥ ben Remalyahu, as it is stated: “Pekaḥ ben Remalyahu killed [in Judah a hundred and twenty thousand in one day]” (II Chronicles 28:6). I have been amused with you during the reign of Amatzyahu,⁴²This means that God was happy with them and therefore allowed them to destroy their enemies. as it is stated: “Amatzyahu took courage, and led his people, and went to the Valley of Salt” (II Chronicles 25:11). What is the Valley of Salt? It is beneath the boulders [kefei] of salt [melaḥ], [or] into the throes [kefuyei] of battle [milḥama]. “The children of Judah captured ten thousand alive, and brought them to the top of the rock, and cast them [from the top of the rock, and all of them were broken]” (II Chronicles 25:12) – at that moment, the Holy One blessed be He said: I decreed death for the descendants of Noah only by sword, and these “brought them to the top of the rock, and cast them…and all of them were broken”? “But there is no satisfaction” – at that moment, the Holy One blessed be He said: What are these doing here? Let them be exiled. When they sinned they were exiled. When they were exiled, Jeremiah began lamenting over them, eikha.

Another explanation: "And it was in the middle of the night" - Elihu said (Job 34:20), "In one moment they die and at midnight:" When they died, everyone began to cry out, as it is stated (Exodus 12:30), "And Pharaoh got up at night, he and all of his servants and all of Egypt." Immediately (Ibid. 31), "And he called to Moshe and Aharon." Moshe said to him, "What does Pharaoh request? Who is coming to who, you to me or me to you?" He said [back] to him, "I request from you (Ibid.), 'Get up and go out from among my people.'" Why? "He is wise-hearted and courageous in strength; who has hardened his heart against Him and come out whole?" (Job 9:4)

“Wisdom will bolster the wise more than ten rulers who are in a city” (Ecclesiastes 7:19).
“Wisdom will bolster the wise” – this is the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “Wise of heart, mighty of strength” (Job 9:4); “more than ten rulers who are in a city” – than the ten statements with which the world was created.¹¹⁸People will be quicker to recognize God through Torah than by appreciating the miracle of His creation of the world (Maharzu).
Another matter, “wisdom will bolster the wise” – this is Adam the first man, as it is written: “You are the culmination of perfection, [full of wisdom]” (Ezekiel 28:12); “more than ten rulers who are in a city” – these are the ten organs that serve the soul: esophagus for food, trachea for voice, liver for wrath, gall bladder for envy, the lung drains,¹¹⁹It drains harmful fluids. stomach to grind, spleen to crush, kidneys advise, heart understands, tongue concludes.¹²⁰The tongue expresses a person’s thoughts. The midrash is saying that wisdom is better than one’s bodily functions and emotions.