레위기 7:15의 미드라쉬

1) (Vayikra 7:15): "And the flesh of the sacrifice of his thanksgiving peace-offerings, on the day of his offering shall it be eaten." This comes to teach us of those (offerings) that are eaten for a day, that their eating is one day and one night. This tells me of the thank-offering (itself). Whence do I derive the same for the bread? From "his offering," (bread having been referred to as "offering" in the preceding verse). Whence do I derive the same for the offering and substitutes (of a thank-offering)? From (the redundant) "And the flesh." Whence do I derive the same for sin-offering and guilt-offering? From "the sacrifice." Whence do I derive the same for the peace-offerings of a Nazirite, (which require bread as it does) and peace-offerings that come from the (surplus of the) Pesach offering? From "his peace-offerings."

2) "on the day of his offering shall it be eaten.": This tells me only that its eating is for one day. Whence is it derived that its sacrifice at the outset be with the thought of eating it for one day?

3) From (Vayikra 22:29): "And when you slaughter a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the L–rd, that it be acceptable for you shall you slaughter it. (Vayikra 22:30) On that day shall it be eaten." This need not be stated, (for we know it already). If it is not needed for (the halachah of) eating, learn it as applying to sacrifice, that its sacrifice at the outset must be with the thought of eating it for one day.

4) This tells me only of the thank-offering. Whence do I derive the same for all (offerings) that are eaten for one day? From (the redundant) "And when you slaughter a sacrifice."

5) (Vayikra 7:15): "He shall not leave over of it until morning." But he may eat it the entire night. Why, then, did the sages say (that he may eat it only) until midnight? To keep one far from transgression. But (adverse) thought (at the sacrifice) does not render them unfit and they are not rendered nothar (abiding beyond the prescribed time) until the morning star rises.

(Lev. 20:9:) FOR ANYONE WHATEVER WHO CURSES HIS FATHER OR HIS MOTHER SHALL SURELY BE PUT TO DEATH. Solomon said (in Prov. 20:20): < IF SOMEONE > CURSES HIS FATHER OR MOTHER, HIS LIGHT WILL GO OUT AT THE APPROACH OF DARKNESS. Our Masters have said: Because Ham saw his father's nakedness, yet did not utter a curse at him, he and his descendants have < only > been alienated until the end of the whole world.⁵⁶Tanh., Lev. 7:15. How much worse it is for one who does curse his father! The Scripture says (in Prov. 24:20): FOR THERE WILL BE NO FUTURE FOR THE EVIL ONE, < THE LAMP OF THE WICKED GOES OUT >. Come and see the honoring of father and mother, how dear it is before the Holy One; for the Holy One does not withhold his reward, either from the righteous or from the wicked. Where is it shown? From Esau the Wicked. Because he honored his father, the Holy One gave him all this honor. R. Eleazar says: Esau the Wicked shed three tears, [one] from his right eye, one from his left eye, and the third was attached in his eye and did not run down. When? When Isaac blessed Jacob, as stated (in Gen. 27:38): AND ESAU LIFTED UP HIS VOICE AND WEPT.⁵⁷Cf. Tanh., Lev. 7:15, which adds here: “Come and see how much prosperity the Holy One gave him. Thus it is stated (in Ps. 80:6 [5]): YOU HAVE FED THEM THE BREAD OF TEARS AND HAVE HAD THEM DRINK A SHALISH OF TEARS. Shalosh is not written but shalish, because there were not three (shalosh) whole ones.” So if the Holy One recompensed this wicked one, because he honored his father, how much the more < will he do so > in the case of one who honors his fathers. < The Holy One > said (in Job 41:3 [11]): WHO HAS WELCOMED (hiqdim) ME THAT I SHOULD REPAY HIM? [EVERYTHING UNDER THE HEAVENS IS MINE.] The Holy One said: Who is this one who has advanced (hiqdim) honor to his father, and I have not given him children? And so it says in Job (11:5–7): O THAT GOD WOULD SPEAK…; AND THAT HE WOULD TELL YOU THE SECRETS OF WISDOM… ! WOULD YOU DISCOVER THE MYSTERY OF GOD…? To what is Job comparable? To whoever is put in a collare,⁵⁸The Latin word denotes a band or chain, in particular one put around the neck of a prisoner. and said: I know what is within the palace⁵⁹Lat.: palatium. of the king. They said to him: Free your self from the collare, and we shall know that you are speaking the truth.⁶⁰Cf. Mark 15:30 = Matthew 27:40. So also Job was clothed in seven kinds of boils, and in need of alms, as stated (in Job 19:21): HAVE PITY ON ME, HAVE PITY ON ME, O YOU MY FRIENDS, FOR THE HAND OF GOD HAS AFFLICTED ME. He also says: I have reached the end of the works of the Holy One. Thus it is stated (in Job 23:5): I WOULD KNOW {WHAT} WORDS HE WOULD ANSWER ME [AND UNDERSTAND WHAT HE WOULD SAY TO ME]. His companions said to him (in Job 11:7): WOULD YOU DISCOVER THE MYSTERY OF GOD…? (Job 12:14:) BEHOLD, WHATEVER HE {CONDEMNS TO DESTRUCTION} [DESTROYS] WILL NOT BE REBUILT…. Who, after he had destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah and had overthrown them, who has rebuilt them? No creature can stand on his own works, as stated (in Eccl. 7:13): SEE THE WORK OF GOD; FOR WHO CAN MAKE STRAIGHT WHAT HE HAS MADE CROOKED? The Holy One said: In this world the children of Adam are afflicted because of the evil drive, but in the world to come I will remove the evil drive from them.⁶¹Above, 7:14. It is so stated (in Ezek. 36:26–27): THEN I WILL REMOVE THE HEART OF STONE FROM YOUR FLESH AND GIVE YOU A HEART OF FLESH, AND I WILL PUT MY SPIRIT WITHIN YOU….