וְכִ֥י תַקְרִ֛ב קָרְבַּ֥ן מִנְחָ֖ה מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ (ס)
네가 화덕에 구운 것으로 소제의 예물을 드리려거든 고운 가루에 기름을 섞어 만든 무교병이나 기름을 바른 무교병을 드릴 것이요
English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
[If he said,] “I take upon myself to bring a minhah,” he may bring whichever kind he chooses. Rabbi Judah says: he must bring a minhah of fine flour, for that is the distinctive [one] among the menahot. In this case a person pledges to bring a minhah, but doesn’t specify what kind of minhah he intends to bring. As explained in the introduction, and as we shall see in tomorrow’s mishnah, there are five different kinds of menahot. According to the first opinion, the person can bring any minhah because we assume that he didn’t have any specific minhah in mind. In other words, he must have meant to just bring any minhah and therefore that is exactly what he can do. Rabbi Judah says that he must bring a minhah of fine flour, for the Torah calls the minhah of fine flour “a minhah” without any accompanying name (see Leviticus 2:1). When it comes to other types of menahot, they all have an accompanying name, for instance “a minhah baked in an oven” (Leviticus 2:4). We can assume that had he wanted to bring such a minhah, he would have been more specific.
English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Some [minhahs] require oil and frankincense, some require oil but not frankincense, some frankincense but not oil, and some neither oil nor frankincense.
These require oil and frankincense: the minhah of fine flour, that prepared on a griddle, that prepared in a pan, the cakes and the wafers, the minhah of the priests, the minhah of the anointed high priest, the minhah of a gentile, the minhah of women, and the minhah of the omer.
The minhah offered with the drink-offerings requires oil but not frankincense.
The showbread requires frankincense but not oil.
The two loaves, the sinner's minhah and the minhah of jealousy require neither oil nor frankincense.
This mishnah teaches which minhah requires oil and frankincense, which requires one of the two, and which require neither.
Section one: As the mishnah typically loves to note, all of the possible combinations can actually occur. I shall give references for each of these types of minhahs.
Section two:
The minhah of fine flour; that prepared on a griddle; that prepared in a pan: Leviticus 2:1.
The cakes and the wafers: Leviticus 2:4.
The minhah of the priests: A priest who volunteers to bring one of these minhahs.
The minhah of the anointed high priest: See above 4:5.
The minhah of a gentile; the minhah of women: who volunteered to bring one of these minhahs.
And the minhah of the omer: Leviticus 2:14-15.
Section three: Numbers 15:4ff.
Section four: Leviticus 24:7.
Section five: The two loaves are those brought on Shavuot. The sinner’s minhah is referred to in Leviticus 5:11 and the minhah of jealousy is that brought by the suspected adultress (the Sotah (Numbers 5:15). In both cases the Torah specifically states not to put frankincense or oil on them.
These require oil and frankincense: the minhah of fine flour, that prepared on a griddle, that prepared in a pan, the cakes and the wafers, the minhah of the priests, the minhah of the anointed high priest, the minhah of a gentile, the minhah of women, and the minhah of the omer.
The minhah offered with the drink-offerings requires oil but not frankincense.
The showbread requires frankincense but not oil.
The two loaves, the sinner's minhah and the minhah of jealousy require neither oil nor frankincense.
This mishnah teaches which minhah requires oil and frankincense, which requires one of the two, and which require neither.
Section one: As the mishnah typically loves to note, all of the possible combinations can actually occur. I shall give references for each of these types of minhahs.
Section two:
The minhah of fine flour; that prepared on a griddle; that prepared in a pan: Leviticus 2:1.
The cakes and the wafers: Leviticus 2:4.
The minhah of the priests: A priest who volunteers to bring one of these minhahs.
The minhah of the anointed high priest: See above 4:5.
The minhah of a gentile; the minhah of women: who volunteered to bring one of these minhahs.
And the minhah of the omer: Leviticus 2:14-15.
Section three: Numbers 15:4ff.
Section four: Leviticus 24:7.
Section five: The two loaves are those brought on Shavuot. The sinner’s minhah is referred to in Leviticus 5:11 and the minhah of jealousy is that brought by the suspected adultress (the Sotah (Numbers 5:15). In both cases the Torah specifically states not to put frankincense or oil on them.
German Commentary
Das Mehl. wie bei dem Kernmehl-Opfer. Für die Ansicht Rabbi’s spricht das חלות מצות בלולות בשמן beim im Ofen gebackenen Mehlopfer (Lev. 2, 4), für die Ansicht der Weisen das סולת בלולה בשמן beim Pfannen-Mehlopfer (Lev. 2, 5); חלות מצות בלולות בשמן muss nach den Weisen erklärt werden „Kuchen, die [vor dem Backen] mit Öl vermengt worden sind.“ Die Mischna ed. Neapel 1492 und ed. Lowe haben die merkwürdige Lesart: וחכ״א „אף“ הסולת.