시편 78:54의 인용 해설

Five possessions did the Holy Blessed One, set aside as his own in this world, and these are they:
The Torah, one possession;
Heaven and earth, another possession;
Abraham, another possession;
Israel, another possession;
The Temple, another possession. 1 The Torah is one possession. From where do we know this? Since it is written, “The Lord possessed (usually translated as ‘created’ me at the beginning of his course, at the first of His works of old” (Proverbs 8:22). , 2 Heaven and earth, another possession. From where do we know this? Since it is said: “Thus said the Lord: The heaven is My throne and the earth is My footstool; Where could you build a house for Me, What place could serve as My abode? (Isaiah 66:1) And it says: “How many are the things You have made, O Lord; You have made them all with wisdom; the earth is full of Your possessions” (Psalms 104:24). 3 Abraham is another possession. From where do we know this? Since it is written: “He blessed him, saying, “Blessed by Abram of God Most High, Possessor of heaven and earth” (Genesis 15:19). 4 Israel is another possession. From where do we know this? Since it is written: “Till Your people cross over, O Lord, Till Your people whom You have possessed” (Exodus 15:16). And it says: “As to the holy and mighty ones that are in the land, my whole desire ( is in them” (Psalms 16:3). 5 The Temple is another possession. From where do we know this? Since it is said: “The sanctuary, O lord, which your hands have established” (Exodus 15:17”, And it says: “And He brought them to His holy realm, to the mountain, which His right hand had possessed” (Psalms 78:54).
This mishnah lists five things that are mentioned in the Torah as having been “possessed” or acquired by God. The Hebrew root for this word is knh, which can also mean, in Biblical Hebrew, “create”. Hence you will note that some of the verses quoted are usually translated as “create”. However to make the connections between the verses and their use in the mishnah more clear, I have translated the word as “possess”.
Since this mishnah is simple and self-explanatory, I have refrained from commenting. However, it may be worthwhile to think about what these five things have in common, beside the fact that the verb knh is used in connection with them in various places in the Bible.

אל נוה קדשך, the entire land of Israel is called: “G-d’s holy residence.” As an example of this statement our author cites: Psalms 78,54.ויביאם אל גבול קדשו הר זה קנתה ימינה, “He brought them to the land of His holiness His right hand acquired this mountain.”

A Midrashic approach (Mechilta Shirah section 9) to the words עם זו קנית: G’d is described as having acquired four things. 1) “Israel,” as we know from the words עם זו קנית.” 2) “The Torah,” as we know from ה' קנני ראשית דרכו (the Torah speaking in Proverbs 8,22) “The Lord has acquired me at the beginning of His way.” 3) “Heaven and Earth” as we know from Genesis 14,22 קונה שמים וארץ “who owns heaven and earth.” 4) “The Holy Temple,” as we know from Psalms 78,54 הר זה קנתה ימינו “His right hand has acquired this Mountain.” It is therefore appropriate that Israel which has been called an acquisition of G’d should receive the Torah which has also been described as G’d’s acquisition. The whole world which is also an acquisition of G’d owes its continued existence to the merit of Torah. It is furthermore appropriate for Israel who are G’d’s acquisition to build the Temple which is also G’d’s acquisition.