민수기 35:24 탈무드 참조: Jerusalem Talmud Shevuot, Sanhedrin & Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin

From where following Rebbi Ismael? Rebbi Ismael stated: The congregation shall judge between the beater, etc²⁰Num.35:24; between the slayer and the avenger of the blood.. The congregation be neither relatives of the murderer nor relatives of the murdered. Rebbi Yose said, otherwise you would say that the court is engaged in vendetta. This implies that the judges may not be related to the accused. And from where that the witnesses may not be related to the accused? The Torah said, kill on the testimony of witnesses, kill on the sentence of those who vote²¹I. e., the judges; the expression is from Ex. 23:2.. Since judges may not be related to the accused, neither may witnesses be related to the accused. From where that witnesses may not be relatives of one another? Think of it, if they be found perjured, would they not be killed by each other’s testimony?

But the Sages say: "Motzi shem ra with twenty-three, because there is in it [an element of] a capital case."

And how do we know that the smaller had twenty-three? As it is said, "You will judge the congregation and save the congregation" (Numbers 35:24)—a 'congregation' judges and a 'congregation' saves, thus it is twenty.