신명기 23:15의 탈무드

Abba bar Rav Huna said, one who drank [wine] should not pray but if he did pray, his prayer is a supplication. A drunk should not pray but if he did pray, his prayer is blasphemy. What is one who drank [wine]? Someone who drank a quartarius¹⁶⁷A quarter of a log, cf. Berakhot, Chapter 3, Note 227. In the Rome ms: “Even if he drank less than a quartarius.”; a drunk is one who drank more. There¹⁶⁸In Babylonia., it is said if he cannot speak before a king. Rebbi Zeïra asked before Rebbi Assi: May a drunk recite Grace? He said to him (Deut. 11:15): “When you will eat and be satiated, then you must praise”, even if you are sleepy. The question is only, may he recite the Shema‘? Abba bar Avin¹⁶⁹He might be identical with Rebbi Abba bar Avina, a Babylonian of the second generation who immigrated into Galilee and was ordained there. said, a pious person asked Elijah, may he be remembered for the good, may a naked person recite the Shema‘? He said to him (Deut. 23:15): “He should not see in you a thing of turpitude,” a word of turpitude. Ḥizqiah stated: both¹⁷⁰The argument of Elijah applies in both cases. for reciting [Grace] and reading [the Shema‘].

Exile comes into the world because of idolatry, sexual transgression, murder, and not letting the land rest during the sabbatical year. Idolatry, as it says (Leviticus 26:30), “I will destroy your altars.” The Holy Blessed One said: Since you want to worship idols, I will exile you to a place where they worship idols. That is why it says, “I will destroy your altars.” Not letting the land rest during the sabbatical year, as it says (Leviticus 26:34), “Then shall the land make up for its sabbatical years [throughout all the time that it is desolate and you are in the land of your enemies].” The Holy Blessed One said to them: Since you do not let the land rest, it will rest by itself, and the number of months that you did not let it rest, it will rest by itself. That is why it says, “Then shall the land make up…all the time.” (Sexual transgression: How so? Rabbi Yishmael son of Rabbi Yosei said: As long as Israel commits sexual transgressions, the Divine Presence removes Itself from them, as it says (Deuteronomy 23:15), “Let no unseemly [lit., naked] thing be seen among you, so that [God] will turn away from you.”)