에스겔 18:20의 탈무드

The question was asked: May one say, ‘Would that I had So-and-so’s money! Would that I had a wife like So-and-so’s wife!’? May one sleep in one bed with his wife who is niddah or not? May one quarrel with a man with whom it is not fit to quarrel? Come and hear and I will answer all these questions. It is stated, Thou shalt not covet:⁸Ex. 20, 17, in A.J. 14. even [by saying,] ‘Would that I had So-and-so’s money!’ To say, ‘Would that I had So-and-so’s money!’ is [the conduct of] a thief or a robber. But [as for the remark], ‘Would that I had as much money as So-and-so!’ why should this be definitely forbidden? He only expresses a wish for himself! But [to say], ‘Would that So-and-so gave me his money!’ constitutes an act of coveting. ‘Would that I had a wife like the wife of So-and-so!’—[by saying this he indicates that] he has already impure thoughts concerning her; but to say ‘Would that the daughter of So-and-so would marry me!’ is certainly permissible. Is not this self-evident? It is necessary [to state this because] he may say to her, ‘Be betrothed to me’ and she may refuse. ‘May one sleep in one bed with his wife who is niddah?’ [It is stated,] And thou shalt not approach unto a woman to uncover her nakedness, as long as she is impure by her uncleanness.⁹Lev. 18, 19. He is allowed, however, to eat with her. Whoever approaches his wife¹⁰Add with H ‘who is niddah’, which is implied. while she is asleep is as if he approached a ship which is about to be wrecked in the sea.¹¹He is heading for a sin against the Torah. Here it is written, And thou shalt not approach, and there it is written, So the shipmaster came to him.¹²Jonah 1, 6. The Heb. for came to is the same as for approach. The context is the danger to the ship in which Jonah was sailing. Some say that he is obliged to bring a sin-offering, as it is written, The soul that sinneth, it shall die.¹³Ezek. 18, 20. This sentence is omitted in H. The point appears to be this: The word sinneth is הַחׄטֵאת, which is written without the waw and can be read הַחַטָאת, ‘the sin-offering’. Since Ezekiel, in verse 6, mentions [coming] near to a woman in her impurity, by the rule of analogy it is concluded that such a sin can only be atoned by a sin-offering. Some say: It is as if he offered sacrifices to the Golden Calf.¹⁴H adds Ex. 32, 19, as the proof-text where came nigh occurs, which in Heb. is the same as approached. ‘May one quarrel with a man with whom it is not fit to quarrel?’ It is written, And I contended with them, and cursed them.¹⁵Neh. 13, 25. Nehemiah strove with the Jews who had married heathen women.