잠언 3:27의 탈무드
אַל־תִּמְנַע־ט֥וֹב מִבְּעָלָ֑יו בִּהְי֨וֹת לְאֵ֖ל ידיך [יָדְךָ֣] לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃
네 손이 선을 베풀 힘이 있거든 마땅히 받을 자에게 베풀기를 아끼지 말며
Tractate Soferim
[In the verses] And it came to pass when they63Foreign princes or rulers. E.V. God. caused me to wander, God, etc.,64Gen. 20, 13. Cf. Rule 6 above. and Which god65E.V. who is a God. is like unto Thee66Micah 7, 18. the first67The pronoun ‘they’ in Gen. 20, 13 and god in Micah 7, 18. are sacred and the second68God in Gen. and Thee in Micah. are secular. [The divine name in] Samaria shall bear her guilt, for she hath rebelled against her God69Hos. 14, 1. is sacred. R. Nathan says: [In the phrase] in the house of his God70ibid. IX, 8. it is sacred. In therefore turn thou to thy God71ibid. XII, 7. it is sacred. In God standeth in the congregation of God; in the midst of the judges72The Heb. has the divine name. He judgeth73Ps. 82, 1. it is used as sacred74In God standeth. and secular.75In the sense of ‘judges’. In God delivereth me to76Heb. אל (to) which has the same consonants as the word for ‘God’. the ungodly77Job 16, 11. the first is sacred and the second78’el in the sense of ‘to’. is secular. In For hath any said unto God: I have borne79ibid. XXXIV, 31. the first [’el] is secular and the second sacred.
R. Eleazar the son of R. Jose the Galilean said:80So M. V and H read ‘and R. Eleazar … said’. [In the verses] And let my cry have no81Heb. ’al, the same consonants as for the name of God. resting-place;82Job 16, 18. It is in the power83Gen. 31, 29. The Heb. for power (’el) equals the divine name. of my hand; And there shall be nought in the power of thy hand;84Deut. 28, 32. When it is in the power of thy hand;85Prov. 3, 27. Unto death,86ibid. II, 18; unto is ’el in Heb. all [the words whose consonants are the same as those for God] are secular. In God hath given command to speed me872 Chron. 35, 21. it is sacred. In Forbear thee from meddling with God, who is with me88ibid. it is sacred according to R. Jose b. Judah. In O God, the proud are risen up against me89Ps. 86, 14. it is sacred but the reader must pause in reading [after God]:90In the absence of the pause, the adjective proud might erroneously be taken as qualifying God. God, the proud are risen up against me.
[The terms] merciful and gracious, long-suffering and abounding in lovingkindness, king, kings, exalted, great, Most High, righteous and upright, pious, perfect, mighty, may be erased.91Although attributed to God, they do not possess the sanctity of the divine name. He who curses himself or his neighbour by [any of] these92Using any of these attributes instead of the divine name. incurs guilt. [If he curses] heathens or the dead no guilt93So M and N.Y. V and H read ‘guilty of one [offence]’. is incurred. [If he curses] a judge or a prince he incurs twofold guilt;94Since a judge or prince must not be cursed as any other person, and as men holding offices of responsibility. according to others he incurs threefold guilt for cursing a prince.95The two mentioned in the preceding note, and a third because the Heb. word for ‘judge’ in the text is identical with the divine name. If a person curses his father or mother with the Tetragrammaton96lit. ‘the distinguished name’. he is liable to the penalty of stoning,97Cf. Lev. 24, 14. Stoning is one of the major penalties imposed by a court. but if only with the attributes he is liable to a warning.98i.e. he is guilty of transgressing a negative commandment, the penalty of which is scourging with thirty-nine stripes.
R. Eleazar the son of R. Jose the Galilean said:80So M. V and H read ‘and R. Eleazar … said’. [In the verses] And let my cry have no81Heb. ’al, the same consonants as for the name of God. resting-place;82Job 16, 18. It is in the power83Gen. 31, 29. The Heb. for power (’el) equals the divine name. of my hand; And there shall be nought in the power of thy hand;84Deut. 28, 32. When it is in the power of thy hand;85Prov. 3, 27. Unto death,86ibid. II, 18; unto is ’el in Heb. all [the words whose consonants are the same as those for God] are secular. In God hath given command to speed me872 Chron. 35, 21. it is sacred. In Forbear thee from meddling with God, who is with me88ibid. it is sacred according to R. Jose b. Judah. In O God, the proud are risen up against me89Ps. 86, 14. it is sacred but the reader must pause in reading [after God]:90In the absence of the pause, the adjective proud might erroneously be taken as qualifying God. God, the proud are risen up against me.
[The terms] merciful and gracious, long-suffering and abounding in lovingkindness, king, kings, exalted, great, Most High, righteous and upright, pious, perfect, mighty, may be erased.91Although attributed to God, they do not possess the sanctity of the divine name. He who curses himself or his neighbour by [any of] these92Using any of these attributes instead of the divine name. incurs guilt. [If he curses] heathens or the dead no guilt93So M and N.Y. V and H read ‘guilty of one [offence]’. is incurred. [If he curses] a judge or a prince he incurs twofold guilt;94Since a judge or prince must not be cursed as any other person, and as men holding offices of responsibility. according to others he incurs threefold guilt for cursing a prince.95The two mentioned in the preceding note, and a third because the Heb. word for ‘judge’ in the text is identical with the divine name. If a person curses his father or mother with the Tetragrammaton96lit. ‘the distinguished name’. he is liable to the penalty of stoning,97Cf. Lev. 24, 14. Stoning is one of the major penalties imposed by a court. but if only with the attributes he is liable to a warning.98i.e. he is guilty of transgressing a negative commandment, the penalty of which is scourging with thirty-nine stripes.
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