Comentário sobre Gênesis 9:5
וְאַ֨ךְ אֶת־דִּמְכֶ֤ם לְנַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ אֶדְרֹ֔שׁ מִיַּ֥ד כָּל־חַיָּ֖ה אֶדְרְשֶׁ֑נּוּ וּמִיַּ֣ד הָֽאָדָ֗ם מִיַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אָחִ֔יו אֶדְרֹ֖שׁ אֶת־נֶ֥פֶשׁ הָֽאָדָֽם׃
Certamente requererei <span class="x" onmousemove="Show('perush','Proibição de suicídio conforme explanara R. Saádia.');" onmouseout="Hide('perush');">o vosso sangue</span>, o sangue das vossas vidas; <span class="x" onmousemove="Show('perush','Foi dado aos animais em sua natureza o temor ao homem, que não o ataque, não que possam vir a julgamento. O fato de as feras ou répteis atacarem às vezes o ser humano, dá-se devido às transgressões, pelas quais seu temor natural se vai.');" onmouseout="Hide('perush');">de todo animal</span> o requererei; como também do homem, sim, da mão do irmão de cada um <span class="x" onmousemove="Show('perush','Proibição de assassinato.');" onmouseout="Hide('perush');">requererei a vida do homem</span>.
Rashi on Genesis
ואך את דמכם HOWEVER YOUR BLOOD — Although I have permitted you to take the life of cattle yet your blood I will surely require from him amongst you who sheds his own blood (see Bava Kamma 91b).
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Ramban on Genesis
AND SURELY YOUR BLOOD ‘LENAPHSHOTHEICHEM’ (OF YOUR LIVES) WILL I REQUIRE. This is as if it were written, your blood ‘naphshotheichem,’ [without the letter lamed], and meaning “your blood which is your lives.” This is similar to the verse, ‘Lechol’ (To all) the instruments of the tabernacle,187Exodus 27:19. [which means all the instruments needed for the tabernacle, the letter lamed in the word lechol being redundant]. So also, the third ‘l’Avshalom’ (to Absalom),188I Chronicles 3:2. [which means, “the third, Absolom,” the lamed in the word l’Avshalom is redundant].
It is possible to explain your blood ‘lenaphshotheichem’ as meaning benaphshotheichem (in your souls), for the life of all flesh, the blood thereof is all one with the life thereof.189Leviticus 17:14. Likewise, And ye shall eat no manner of blood in all your dwelling places, ‘la’oph velabeheimah’ (to fowl and to cattle),190Ibid., 7:26. which is to be explained as “in fowl or in beast.”
The correct interpretation is that Scripture is saying, “the blood which is the life in you I will require.” He is thus declaring that the blood is one with the life, and He intimates that one incurs the death penalty for spilling the blood upon which life depends, but not for spilling the blood of those limbs on which life is not dependent. Our Rabbis have expounded this verse as an injunction against suicide,191Baba Kamma 91b. the verse stating, “I will require your blood from your own souls.”
It is possible to explain your blood ‘lenaphshotheichem’ as meaning benaphshotheichem (in your souls), for the life of all flesh, the blood thereof is all one with the life thereof.189Leviticus 17:14. Likewise, And ye shall eat no manner of blood in all your dwelling places, ‘la’oph velabeheimah’ (to fowl and to cattle),190Ibid., 7:26. which is to be explained as “in fowl or in beast.”
The correct interpretation is that Scripture is saying, “the blood which is the life in you I will require.” He is thus declaring that the blood is one with the life, and He intimates that one incurs the death penalty for spilling the blood upon which life depends, but not for spilling the blood of those limbs on which life is not dependent. Our Rabbis have expounded this verse as an injunction against suicide,191Baba Kamma 91b. the verse stating, “I will require your blood from your own souls.”
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Sforno on Genesis
ואך את דמכם לנפשותיכם אדרוש, although I will not punish you for spilling animal’s blood, I will hold you responsible for shedding the blood of fellow human beings. Human beings, all human beings, are more precious to Me than the lives of animals. This retribution for spilling the blood of human beings may on different occasions be applied in different ways: It all depends on the worthiness of the person under attack or potential attack. If, for instance, the person deserves saving, the words מיד כל חיה אדרשנו ומיד אדם are meant in the preventive sense, i.e. G’d will save such a person’s life be it under attack from animals or from human beings. If, in the eyes of G’d, the person under attack does not deserve being saved from violent death, this still did not give the animals or other human beings the right to kill him. Therefore, in such instances, ipso facto, G’d will exact retribution from the killers.
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