Comentário sobre Isaías 56:11
וְהַכְּלָבִ֣ים עַזֵּי־נֶ֗פֶשׁ לֹ֤א יָֽדְעוּ֙ שָׂבְעָ֔ה וְהֵ֣מָּה רֹעִ֔ים לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ הָבִ֑ין כֻּלָּם֙ לְדַרְכָּ֣ם פָּנ֔וּ אִ֥ישׁ לְבִצְע֖וֹ מִקָּצֵֽהוּ׃
E estes cães são gulosos, nunca se podem fartar; e eles são pastores que nada compreendem; todos eles se tornam para o seu caminho, cada um para a sua ganância, todos sem exceção.
Rashi on Isaiah
And the dogs are of greedy disposition wanting to fill their stomachs [engrote talent in O.F.], sick with hunger.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
עזי נפש Greedy. The word נפש is mostly used in Scripture to express the appetitive soul;12Comp. I. E. on 26:9, Note 9, and Eccles. 7:3. Three kinds of נפש, soul, are mentioned there; one of them, which is mostly understood by נפש, is נפש הצומחת or נפש המתאוה, the vegetative or appetitive soul. comp. ונפשו מאכל תאוה and his soul (abhorreth) dainty meat (Job 33:20). All these dogs are useless; they do only harm, because of their strong, insatiable appetite, called עזות נפש greediness;12aLit., Strength of appetite. they can never have enough. The words which follow contain the explanation of the figure used here.
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Rashi on Isaiah
and they are shepherds Just as the dogs know no satiety, neither do the shepherds know to understand what will occur at the end of days.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
And they, the dogs mentioned here, Are the shepherds of Israel, that cannot understand. הבין Understand. It is infinitive.
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Rashi on Isaiah
they all turned to the way of their benefit, each one to his gain, to rob the rest of the people over whom they are appointed.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
לבצעו For his gain, for that which brings him profit; comp. מה בצע what profit is there (Ps. 30:10).
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Rashi on Isaiah
every last one Heb. מִקָּצֵהוּ, [lit. from its end.] Comp. (Gen. 19:4) “all the people from the end (מִקָּצֶה),” from one end of their number until its other end, they all behave in this manner.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
מקצהו From his quarter. Every one from his quarter.13This remark, which is usually made by I. E. to explain the use of the singular instead of the plural, is here superfluous; since the singular איש, and also לבצעו are preceding. The similar phrase, כל העם מקצה (Gen. 19:4) was perhaps intended as an explanation of מקצהו, everyone, from whatever quarter he might come.
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