וּבְנֵ֖י גֹּ֑מֶר אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז וְרִיפַ֖ת וְתֹגַרְמָֽה׃
Os filhos de Gomer: <span class="x" onmousemove="Show('perush','Há quem diga que são os germanos, de onde se aplicara aos judeus dispersos na antiga região germânica, de onde espalharam-se para os países eslavos, o termo achkenazi. Rav Saádia diz serem os povos eslavos. Veja o próximo nome.');" onmouseout="Hide('perush');">Asquenaz</span>, <span class="x" onmousemove="Show('perush','Os francos, ou seja, as tribos germânicas em geral, segundo Rav Saádia.');" onmouseout="Hide('perush');">Rifate</span> e <span class="x" onmousemove="Show('perush','De acordo com Rav Saádia, refere-se ao povo da região que hoje forma o Tadjequistão. (Baragan = Paragana).');" onmouseout="Hide('perush');">Togarma</span>.
Bereishit Rabbah
"The descendants of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan (Genesis 10:2)": Rabbi Samuel son of Ammi said: "This is Africa, Germania, Media, Macedonia Isania". "And Tiras": Rabbi Simon said: "This is Persia". The Rabbis said: "Thrace". "The descendants of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Genesis 10:3)": Asia, Adiabene, and Germania. Rabbi Berechya said: "Germanica". "The descendants of Javan: Elishah and Tarshish (Genesis 10:4)": Hellas, Italia, Dardania. One verse says: "the Dodanim" and a different verse says "the Rodanim (1 Chronicles 1:7)". Rabbi Simon and Rabbi Chanin: Rabbi Simon said: "Dodanim" because they are the children of the uncles [dodin] of Israel, Rodanim because they went and attack [rodin] them". Rabbi Chanina said: "When Israel was placed in a high position they came and said to them, we are the children of your uncle [dod-khen], and when they are placed in a low position they come and attack [rodin] them".
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