Комментарий к Шмот 27:3

סירתיו — a kind of pot.

ויעיו; shovels used to scoop up the ashes of the remains of the sacrifices offered on the altar. The ashes in turn would be placed inside the pots mentioned at the beginning of the verse.

The same as כל כליו . Rashi is saying that [despite the ל of לכל ,] the vessels themselves are to be of copper, not the items needed for the vessels. [Rashi knows this] because there is nothing other than them [i.e., the vessels themselves] mentioned here. The ל is superfluous; it is [written] for stylistic reasons.

V. 3. סיר Topf, ist vielleicht verwandt mit סגר, umschließen. — יעים: Wegräumungsgeräte, so: ויעה ברד מחסה כזב (Jes. 28, 17). — מזלג rad. זלג Die Bedeutung von זלג, chald. Herabstürzen von Tränen, und die Verwandtschaft mit שלך, niederfallen, wovon השליך, niederwerfen, und mit שלג: Schnee, Bedeutungen, die in den Grundbegriff: niederfallen zusammengehen, und andererseits mit סלק, chald. weggenommen werden, dürften מזלג als ein Geräte bezeichnen, vermittelst dessen etwas von einer Stelle weggenommen wird, um es auf eine andere Stelle niederzulegen, daher: Gabel. — לכל נכליו תעשה נחשת: Kupfer soll durch Verarbeitung zu seinen Geräten gestaltet werden. Durch die Arbeit wird der Rohstoff zum Geräte.

לדשנו means TO REMOVE ITS ASHES in them. That is exactly as Onkelos translated it: למספי קטמה, to remove the ashes into them. For although in its primary sense דַּשֵּׁן would mean to cover with ashes, it has also the meaning of removing the ashes, for there are in the Hebrew language certain expressions with the peculiarity that the same word changes in meaning so as to be used to denote both “construction” and “destruction,” (having a positive and a negative meaning). Examples are: (Psalms 80:10) “and didst cause it to take deep root (ותשרש)”; (Job 5:3) “I have seen the foolish taking root (משריש),” whilst we have its opposite (negative) meaning in, (Job 31:12) “and thou wouldst root out (תשרש) all my increase.” Similar to it is, (Isaiah 17:6) “in the utmost fruitful branches (בסעיפיה),” and its opposite, (Isaiah 10:33) “The Lord of hosts shall מסעף”, i. e. shall lop off the branches thereof. Similar to it is also (Jeremiah 50:17) “And this last person עִצְּמוֹ” — “has broken his bones” although the primary meaning of עצם is to be strongboned. Similar to it is, (1 Kings 21:13) “and stoned him with stones (ויסקלהו)” i. e. heaped up stones above him, and its opposite is, (Isaiah 62:10) “סקלו the stones” — i. e. remove its stones; and so, too, (Isaiah 5:2) “And he fenced it and gathered out the stones thereof (ויסקלהו).” Thus here, also, לדשנו means to remove its ashes. In 0. F. à discendrer.

ומזרקותיו, to catch the blood which is to be sprinkled on the altar.

ויעיו AND ITS SHOVELS — as the Targum renders it, מגרפות, shovels by which the ashes were removed. They had the form of the lid of a pot, of thin metal, but having a handle. In old French vedil.

ומזלגותיו, these forks were used by the priests to handle parts of the limbs of sacrificial animals on the altar and to turn them over and move them so that would burn up within the time limit assigned for this.

ומזרקתיו AND ITS BOWLS, in which to receive the blood of the sacrifices.

ומזלגתיו AND ITS FLESHHOOKS — These had the form of bent hooks; they stuck them forcibly into the flesh so that they penetrated it, and with them they turned the flesh over upon the coals of the fire-place in order that it might become the more quickly consumed. In old French these are called crochets and in the language of our Sages צנוריות (Yoma 12a).

ומחתתיו AND ITS FIRE-PANS — These had a cavity to hold things so that the coals might be taken in them from the altar in order to carry them on to the inner altar for the incense. And because of their use for raking the coals into them (חתיה) they were called מחתות. This word is of the same root and meaning as the verb in, (Isaiah 30:14) “לחתות fire from the fire-place,” which has the meaning of drawing fire from its place. Similar is, (Proverbs 6:27) “Can a man rake (היחתה) fire into his bosom?”

לכל כליו means ALL THE VESSELS THEREOF [THOU SHALT MAKE OF COPPER] (i. e. it does not mean: “thou shalt make things of copper, for (i. e. to serve as) all its vessels” but the ל is redundant; cf. Rashi on Exodus 14:28).