Комментарий к Шмот 30:36

ונתת ממנה וגו׳ AND THOU SHALT PUT OF IT [BEFORE THE TESTIMONY IN THE APPOINTED TENT] — This refers to the incense which was burnt daily on the inner altar that was in the tent of meeting.

AND THOU SHALT PUT OF IT BEFORE THE TESTIMONY IN THE TENT OF MEETING, WHERE I WILL MEET WITH THEE. We may possibly explain that Scripture mentions here all the [various] regulations concerning the burning of the incense. It thus states that he should burn of it before the Testimony in the Holy of Holies, which refers to the incense burnt on the Day of Atonement, and that he should also burn of it in the Tent of Meeting, [referring to that burnt] every day. The phrase, where I will meet with thee refers back to [before] the Testimony [from where He spoke to Moses]. It is possible that He refers to the putting of the incense on the inner altar which is set before the ark of the Testimony,²⁰²In this way the phrase before the Testimony does not allude to the incense burnt on the Day of Atonement in the Holy of Holies, as explained above, but is instead to be understood as follows: “and thou shalt put of it [daily] on the inner altar which is set in the Tent of Meeting before the Testimony in the Holy of Holies.” as He says in the section of Vayakheil.²⁰³It is in the section of Pekudei (40:5): And thou shalt set the golden altar for incense before the ark of Testimony.

ונתתה ממנה לפני העדות באהל מועד אשר אועד לך שמה, “you are to place some of it in front of the Testimonial Tablets in the Tent of Meeting, where I shall designate a time to meet you.” The Torah emphasises that this offering is to be presented twice daily, on the golden altar, inside the Sanctuary, quite close to the Holy Ark. Nachmanides writes that it is quite possible that the reason why the Holy Ark is mentioned here is that the Torah wanted to include every aspect of the offering called קטורת, and that it is so holy that on the Day of Atonement it was even taken into the Holy of Holies, the room reserved for the Holy Ark from whose lid the voice of the Shechinah would emanate whenever it addressed Moses. The words אשר אועד לך שמה, are referring to the presentation of the incense in the Holy of Holies, as distinct from the rest of the year when it is presented in the Sanctuary, the היכל.

This refers to the daily incense burning. . . Rashi is explaining that it does not mean to place some of it before the Ark as a remembrance; rather, to burn it.

VV. 36 u. 37. Das שמן המשחה spricht durch seine beiden Bestandteile, Öl und Wohlgeruch, die Bestimmung פרוש לריח ניחוח über Personen und Gegenstände des Heiligtums aus. Dieses ריח ניחוח als höchstes Ziel des ganzen Heiligtums in seiner reinsten, idealsten Verwirklichung drückt, wie bereits (zu Kap. 30, 1) bemerkt, das קטרת aus. Wir begreifen, wie das nationale Ideal des קטרת ebenso sehr wie das Gottessiegel des שמן המשחה vor Profanierung durch Nachahmung zu schützen gewesen sei. Eine Herstellung desselben in den gleichen Mischungsverhältnissen zum profanen Gebrauch ist eine Parodie des Symbols und eine Höhnung der Idee, die es ausdrückt. Ist doch ebenso die Nachbildung des Heiligtums und seiner Geräte unter das Verbot לא תעשון את (Kap. 20, 20) begriffen.

ושחקת ממנו הדק, “you shall beat some of it into powder;” this was necessary in order to fulfill what is written about the incense offering on the Day of Atonement in Leviticus 16,12: קטורת סמים דקה, “incense consisting of sweet incense beaten small;”

אשר אועד לך שמה WHERE I WILL BE MET BY THEE — All appointments for the purpose of speaking unto you which I shall make with you I shall confine to that place (cf. Rashi on Exodus 25:22).

That I will set up to speak with you. . . Rashi is explaining: And why is it called “Tent of Meeting”? Because every meeting place and time that I will set to speak with you, will be only there.