Еврейская Библия
Еврейская Библия

Комментарий к Ийова 1:14

וּמַלְאָ֛ךְ בָּ֥א אֶל־אִיּ֖וֹב וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַבָּקָר֙ הָי֣וּ חֹֽרְשׁ֔וֹת וְהָאֲתֹנ֖וֹת רֹע֥וֹת עַל־יְדֵיהֶֽם׃

что пришел посланник к Иову и сказал: 'Волы пахали, а ослы кормились рядом с ними;

Rashi on Job

beside them Heb. על ידיהם lit. on their hands. This is an expression of a place only because it is prepared and available at his hand. Our Sages of blessed memory said in the Aggadah (Baba Bathra 15b, 16a), that the Holy One, blessed be He, gave them a taste of the world to come; for after the plowing by the she-donkeys, they would sow with the plowing, and the she-donkeys would immediately graze on the young greens from the furrow.
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Malbim on Job

Maimonides has also categorized the types of harm that can befall man: The evils that befall man are of three kinds:
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Malbim on Job

The first kind of evil is that which befalls a man because he is subject to genesis and destruction or because he possesses a body...in consequence of changes in the elements e.g. through bad air or thunderstorms or land-slips.
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Malbim on Job

The second class of evils comprises such evils as people cause to one another e.g. when some of them use their strength against others.
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Malbim on Job

The third class comprises those which a person causes to himself by his own action...diseases and afflictions upon body and soul alike.
The first two types of harm are now inflicted on Job. He loses all his possessions: his oxen and asses and herdsmen, his sheep and shepherds, his camels and their drivers, and finally his children. All in one calamitous day, disaster following disaster, each worse than the one before. The loss of the oxen, asses and camels, together with their minders, was caused by rustlers and bandits - evils of the second class; the sheep and shepherds and his children were lost as a result of elemental disasters - lightning and whirlwind - which are evils of the first class.
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