Мидраш к Берешит 17:2

Another interpretation (of Cant. 4:6): UNTIL THE DAY BECOMES COOL. Until the kingdom of the Holy One appears in this world. (Ibid., cont.:) AND THE SHADOWS FLEE, i.e., the shadows of the kingdom. (Ibid., cont.:) I WILL GO UNTO THE MOUNTAIN OF MYRRH, i.e., Jerusalem. Thus it is stated (in Cant. 5:1): WHEN I COME TO MY GARDEN, MY SISTER, MY BRIDE, I HAVE PLUCKED MY MYRRH ALONG WITH MY SPICE. (Josh. 5:3:) UNTO THE MOUND OF FORESKINS,²⁰Buber again suggests emending to fit Cant. 4:6: UNTO THE MOUND OF FRANKINCENSE. since he took the foreskins and made a mound of them. For that reason the Holy One was revealed to him, as stated (in Gen. 18:1): THEN < THE LORD > APPEARED UNTO HIM. Now when the angels saw this, they also came along with the Holy One, as stated (in Gen. 18:2): WHEN HE LIFTED HIS EYES AND LOOKED, BEHOLD, THERE WERE THREE MEN < STANDING NEAR HIM >. And so David gives praise (in Ps. 25:10): ALL THE PATHS OF THE LORD ARE STEADFAST LOVE AND TRUTH. What is the meaning of ALL THE PATHS OF THE LORD ARE STEADFAST LOVE AND TRUTH? < With reference to > the Torah, its beginning is steadfast love,²¹See above, 4:1; below, 5:2. its end is steadfast love, and its middle is steadfast love. Its beginning is steadfast love. Where is it shown? You find that when the Holy One formed Eve, he adorned her and brought her to Adam, as stated (in Gen. 2:22): THEN THE LORD GOD BUILT THE RIB < WHICH HE HAD TAKEN FROM THE HUMAN INTO A WOMAN >. What is the meaning of BUILT? R. Abbahu said: In Arabia they call the plaited coiffure a "building."²²Cf. Ber. 61a; Shab. 95a; ‘Eruv. 18a; Nid. 45b; ARN, A, 4; Gen. R. 18:1; M. Pss. 25:11; above 4:1; below 5:2. Its end is steadfast love, < i.e., > at Moses' death when the Holy One attended him in his glory,²³BKBWDW: perhaps a misprint for BKBWRW, “at his burial.” as stated (in Deut. 34:6): AND HE BURIED HIM IN THE VALLEY. At the middle there is steadfast love in the case of Abraham, as stated (in Gen. 17:2): AND LET ME PUT MY COVENANT BETWEEN ME AND YOU. When the Holy One was revealed to him, he was sitting, as stated (in Gen. 18:1): < THEN THE LORD APPEARED UNTO HIM > … AS HE WAS SITTING AT THE TENT DOOR IN THE HEAT OF THE DAY.²⁴Below, 8:28. Abraham went to stand up. The Holy One said to him: Do not trouble yourself to stand up. Sit down! It is so stated (in Ps. 110:1): THE LORD (God) SAID TO MY LORD (Abraham): SIT DOWN AT MY RIGHT HAND. Abraham said to him: Is this good manners for me to be sitting while you are standing? The Holy One said to him: Do not trouble yourself. You are an old man of a hundred years. Sit down! The Holy One said to him: By your life, because you are sitting while I stand, your children at the age of three years, at the age of four years, are going to be sitting in the academies and in the synagogues with me standing over them. Thus it is stated (in Ps. 82:1): GOD STANDS IN THE DIVINE CONGREGATION. Abraham began to praise²⁵Rt.: QLS, possibly related to the Gk.: kalos, which means “beautifully.” God (according to Ps. 18:36 [35]): YOU ALSO GAVE ME THE SHIELD OF YOUR SALVATION, when the kings had pursued < me >. It is so stated (in Gen. 15:1): FEAR NOT, ABRAM, I AM YOUR SHIELD. (Ps. 18:36 [35], cont.:) YOUR RIGHT HAND SUSTAINED ME, when you grasped the foreskin along with me as I was cutting. (Ibid., cont.:) AND YOUR CONDESCENSION MAGNIFIED ME, in that I was sitting while you were standing.

Abraham sat and wondered where he was to be circumcised, after the Holy One, blessed be Him, informed him: I will establish My covenant between Me and thee (Gen. 17:2). What follows this verse? And Abraham fell on his face (ibid., v. 3). Once he fell on his face, the Holy One, blessed be He, indicated that place, and a scorpion bit him there. Forthwith, Abraham found himself circumcised. Whence do we know this? We know it from the verse And God spoke unto him, saying: As for Me, behold, My covenant is with thee (ibid., vv. 3–4); that is, behold, thou art circumcised. Furthermore, it is written: In the self-same day was Abraham circumcised (ibid., v. 26). Scripture does not say “he circumcised himself” but he was circumcised.

And I will make my covenant between Me and thee (Gen. 17:2). Scripture says elsewhere in allusion to this verse: The secret of the Lord is with them that fear Him; and His covenant, to make them know it (Ps. 25:14). What secret did He reveal to those who feared Him? The secret of circumcision. The Holy One, blessed be He, revealed to Abraham alone the mystery of circumcision. The secret of the Lord is with them that fear Him. This alludes to Abraham, for it is written about him: Thou art a God-fearing man (Gen. 22:12). What is the meaning of the word sod (“secret”)? It may be explained arithmetically. In the word sod, the samekh is sixty, the vav six, and the dalet four—totaling seventy in all. Thus the Holy One, blessed be He, informed Abraham: I will produce from you seventy, as it is said: Thy fathers descended to Egypt with threescore and ten persons (Deut. 10:22); I will cause seventy elders to descend from them, as it is written: Gather unto me seventy men of the elders of Israel (Num. 11:16); and I will also cause Moses to descend from you, and he will explain the Torah in seventy languages. Therefore, it is written: The secret of the Lord is with them that fear Him; and His covenant, to make them know it.

(Gen. 17:2:) AND LET ME PUT MY COVENANT BETWEEN ME AND YOU. This text is related (to Ps. 25:14): THE SECRET OF THE LORD IS FOR THOSE WHO FEAR HIM, AND HE MAKES HIS COVENANT KNOWN TO THEM.⁹⁹Tanh., Gen. 3:19; Gen. R. 49:2 (but not in the Theodor edition). What is the secret of the Holy One. This is circumcision, since the Holy One revealed the mystery¹⁰⁰Gk.: mysterion. of circumcision to no one but Abraham, as stated (ibid.): THE SECRET (SWD) OF THE LORD IS FOR THOSE WHO FEAR HIM. What is the meaning of SWD? One's years: S is sixty; W is six; D is four. That makes seventy years. See, the Holy One said: Out of you I am raising up seventy souls, as stated (in Deut. 10:22): WITH SEVENTY SOULS < DID YOUR ANCESTORS GO DOWN TO EGYPT >. And out of them < I > am raising up seventy elders, as stated (in Numb. 11:16): < GATHER FOR ME > SEVENTY PEOPLE FROM THE ELDERS OF ISRAEL. And I am raising up Moses, who will study the Torah in seventy languages, as stated (in Deut. 1:5f.): < MOSES UNDERTOOK TO EXPOUND >¹⁰¹According to Rashi, EXPOUND implies that Moses explained the Torah for all seventy nations in their own languages. THIS TORAH, SAYING: THE LORD SPOKE TO US IN HOREB. Ergo (in Ps. 25:4): THE SECRET OF THE LORD IS FOR THOSE WHO FEAR HIM. He said to him: It is enough for a slave to be equal to his owner.¹⁰²Cf. Matthew 10:24-25; Luke 6:40; John 13:16. It is comparable to a king who had a friend that had more than enough wealth. The king said: What shall I give to my friend? He has silver and gold, male and female slaves, and cattle. But look, I will gird him with my armor.¹⁰³Gk.: zone, i.e., “girdle.” Thus the Holy One said: What shall I give to you? I have already given you silver and gold, male and female slaves, and cattle, as stated (in Gen. 13:2): AND ABRAM WAS VERY RICH < IN CATTLE, IN SILVER, AND IN GOLD >. So what shall I give you? It is enough for you to be like me, as stated (in Gen. 17:2-4): AND LET ME PUT MY COVENANT BETWEEN ME AND YOU … THEN ABRAHAM FELL UPON HIS FACE … AS FOR ME, BEHOLD, MY COVENANT IS WITH YOU. Ergo (in Ps. 25:14): THE SECRET OF THE LORD IS FOR THOSE WHO FEAR HIM.

(Gen. 17:2:)AND LET ME PUT MY COVENANT BETWEEN ME AND YOU. Abram said to him: And who will circumcise me?¹⁰⁶Gen. R. 49:2 (but not in the Theodor edition). He said to him: You yourself. Abraham took the knife and took hold of his foreskin, but he was afraid; because he was old, he was shaking. He said to him: Sovereign of the world, I am an old man. What did the Holy One do, as it were? He stretched out his hand and took hold along with him.¹⁰⁷Cant. R. 4:6:1. So Abraham cut away until he had performed circumcision. Thus Ezra gives praise and says (in Neh. 9:6, 8): YOU ALONE ARE THE LORD … AND YOU FOUND HIS HEART FAITHFUL BEFORE YOU, < AND CUT THE COVENANT ALONG WITH HIM >. "And cut the covenant for him" is not written here, but AND CUT THE COVENANT ALONG WITH HIM. Then there is written at the end of the verse: AND YOU HAVE KEPT YOUR WORDS BECAUSE YOU ARE RIGHTEOUS.

(Gen. 17:2:) AND LET ME PUT MY COVENANT BETWEEN ME AND YOU. R. Hanina ben Pazzi said: Abraham did not know where to be circumcised.¹¹²Tanh. Gen. 3:18; similarly Gen. R. 46:4; Lev. R. 25:6. The Holy One gave him a hint to tell < him > where to be circumcised (in Gen.17:2, cont.): AND LET ME MULTIPLY YOU, < i.e., > out of the place from which you are fruitful and multiply. Bar Qappara said: Abraham had interpreted < according to the principle of > qal wahomer.¹¹³The rabbinic term for an argument a fortiori. There is a comparison with trees. Where do they have an obligation concerning foreskin? At the place where they produce fruit.¹¹⁴So Lev. 19:23, which can be translated as follows: WHEN YOU COME INTO THE LAND AND PLANT ANY TREE FOR FOOD. YOU SHALL LEAVE ITS FORESKIN, < i.e., > ITS FRUIT, UNCIRCUMCISED. THREE YEARS IT SHALL BE UNCIRCUMCISED FOR YOU IT SHALL NOT BE EATEN. I also must be circumcised at the place where I produce fruit.

...Rabbi Berechya, Rabbi Chiya, and the Rabbis "from there" [Babylonia] stated in the name of Rabbi Yehudah: Not a day passes that the Holy and Blessed One does not innovate some halacha in the heavenly court. What is the reason [prooftext]? As it is written: "Listen, listen to the roar of His voice, to the sound (hegeh) that issues from His mouth" (Job 37:2). And hegeh is none other than Torah, as it is written "meditate (v'hegita) on it day and night" (Joshua 1:8). And even these halachot was known by our father Abraham.