Midrash sa Ezekiel 36:20: Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael, Ein Yaakov (Glick Edition), Eikhah Rabbah & Pesikta Rabbati

And whence do we find that he gave his life for Torah? In (Exodus 34:28) "And he was there with the L–rd (to receive the Torah) … Bread he did not eat, etc." And it is written (Devarim 9:10) "And I stayed on the mountain forty days and forty nights, etc." — Because he devoted his life to Torah, it was called by his name. Because he devoted his life to Israel, they were called by his name, viz. (Exodus 32:7) "Go, descend, for your people have wrought corruptly." Now are they not the people of the L–rd? viz. (Devarim 9:29) "For they are Your people and Your inheritance," and (Ezekiel 36:20) "… when it was said of them: These are the people of the L–rd, and they came out of His land." How, then, are we to understand "Go, descend, for your people have wrought corruptly"? Because he devoted his life to them, they were called by his name. And whence do we find that he devoted his life to them? In (Exodus 2:11) "And it was in those days that Moses grew, and he went out to his brothers and he saw their toils," and (bid. 12) "And he turned here and there (… and he smote the Egyptian, etc.") Because he devoted his life to them, they were called by his name.

R. Shimon b. Elazar says: When Israel do the will of the L–rd, His name is exalted in the world, as it is written (Joshua 5:1) "And it was, when all the kings of the Emori heard, etc." And thus did Rachav say to Joshuah's emissaries, (Ibid. 2:10) "for we heard how the L–rd dried up, etc.", and (Ibid. 17) "and we heard and our hearts melted, and no man's spirit endured within him before you. For the L–rd, He is G–d in the heavens above, etc." And when they do not do His will, His name, as it were, is demeaned in the world, viz. (Ezekiel 36:20) "And they came to the nations … and they profaned My holy name when it was said of them: These are the peoples of the L–rd, and from His land did they go forth …" and (Ibid. 23) "And I shall sanctify My great name which has been profaned among the nations, etc."

What is called defaming the Lord's name? "For instance," said Rab, "if I take meat from a butcher and do not immediately pay for it." (He might say a great and religious man commits robbery.) Said Abaye: "This applies only where the custom is for the butcher not to come to collect, but not where the butcher comes to collect." Rabina said: "Matha Mechasia is a place where the butchers come around to collect." Whenever Abaye bought meat from a butcher who had a partner, he would pay both, and later would bring them together to straighten out the account. R. Jochanan said: "If I would walk four cubits without Tephilin, or without studying Torah, I should profane the Name of the Lord." R. Isaac b. Abdini said: "When a man's companions are ashamed of his reputation [the name is defamed]." In what respect might this [statement] be true? When people say of a man, "O God, pardon him for his deeds." Abaye said: "[The statement] refers to the following Baraitha: (Deut. 6, 5) Thou shalt love the Lord thy God. This implies that the Divine name may be beloved through thee; that a man should read and study the Torah and wait upon scholars; that he should speak softly to people; that his purchases and presents should be fitting, and that his business transactions be honest. What will people then say of him? Happy is he who studied the Torah; happy is his father, who taught him the Torah; happy is his teacher, who has instructed him in the Torah; and woe to those people who have not studied the Torah! Behold, the one who has learned Torah, how beautiful are his ways! How perfect are his deeds! Of him the passage reads (Is. 49, 3) And he said unto me. My servant art thou, O Israel, thou on whom I will be glorified. But one who has even read the Bible, studied the Mishnah and served the scholars, but speaks not gently to people, or whose purchases and gifts are not fitting, or who deals dishonestly, what do people say about him? Woe to him who has read the Bible and studied the Mishnah; woe to his father, who has taught him the Torah; woe to his teacher, who has instructed him in the Torah! Happy is he who did not study the Torah! See the one who has learned the Torah! How evil are his deeds! How evil are his ways! Of him the passage reads (Ezek. 36, 20) They profane My holy name, because they said of them, these are the people of the Lord, and out of His land are they gone forth."