Mga Sanggunian sa Talmud para sa Deuteronomio 20:19: Jerusalem Talmud Bava Kamma, Jerusalem Talmud Sheviit, Taanit & Makkot

MISHNAH: He who hits another⁶¹The meaning of this sentence is not clear. ‘Arukh: He blows his horn into the victim’s ear. Rashi quotes the Arukh and adds his teacher’s explanation: He hit him on his ear. Maimonides in his Mishnah Commentary: He hit him with his fist. In his Code (חובל ומזיק 9:3): He hit him with his flat hand. pays him a tetradrachma⁶²The word סלע used in both Talmudim for tetradrachma is not the Hebrew “rock” but the Sumerian silà used in Accadic as the unit of volume (1/300 of a gur, כּוֹר).; Rebbi Jehudah says in the name of Rebbi Yose the Galilean, a mina⁶³100 denarii.. If he slapped him, he pays 200 zuz⁶⁴Accadic zūzum, from זוז “to split”, the half-šeqel piece, identified with the Roman denarius. The possession of 200 zuz disqualifies its holder from receiving public assistance (Mishnah Peah 8:8); it is a considerable sum., with the back of his hand he gives him 400 zuz. If he hurt him on his earlobe, tore out some of his hair, spat on him and the spit touched him, removed his stole, uncovered a woman’s hair⁶⁵A married woman will indicate her status by having her hair covered in public. In the Babli and some Mishnah mss. it is stated explicitly “uncovered a woman’s hair in public”., he pays 400 zuz; everything corresponding to his honor⁶⁶The sums stated in the Mishnah are maxima, applicable to the highest levels of society; the court may lower them in appropriate cases..
Rebbi Aqiba said, even the poorest in Israel are treated as aristocrats who lost their property⁶⁷He disagrees with the last statement of the preceding Mishnah; the sums mentioned are mandatory in all cases., for they are descendents of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In a case where somebody uncovered a woman’s hair, she came before Rebbi Aqiba who obligated him to pay her 400 zuz. He said to him, Rabbi, give me some time, which he did. He watched her at the entrance of her courtyard and broke a flask before her which contained an as worth of oil⁶⁸A very small amount.. She uncovered her hair, splashed her hand with the oil and worked it onto her head. He had her observed by witnesses and came before Rebbi Aqiba, telling him, to such a one⁶⁹Who uncovers herself for a very small gain. I have to give 400 zuz? He told him, you did not say anything since a person who injures himself, while he is not allowed to do that⁷⁰Gen. 9:5, Deut. 4:15., is not liable, but others who injure him are liable; a person who cuts down his fruit trees, while he is not allowed to do that⁷¹Deut. 20:19; Ševi‘it 4:10, Notes 109–110., is not liable, but others who cut down his fruit trees are.

MISHNAH: When may one not cut down a tree in the Sabbatical year¹⁰⁹One may not cut down a fruit tree as long as it is valuable (Deut. 20:19). This is discussed at the end of this Mishnah. In the Sabbatical year, when the fruit is public property, one may not cut down a tree once it has started to bear fruit until all fruit has been harvested from it.? The House of Shammai say, every tree when it starts¹¹⁰According to Maimonides, when its fruit has started to develop; according to Rashi (Pesaḥim 52b/53a) when it started to grow new leaves. “Forming chains” refers to developing clusters of pods containing seeds.. But the House of Hillel say, carob trees when they form clusters, vines when they produce fluid¹¹¹Cf. Arabic جرع “to drink”., olive trees when they have flower buds, all other trees when they start. Any tree may be cut down¹¹²After the fruits have been harvested from the tree. once it[s fruit] has reached the stage of tithes. How much should be on an olive tree so one should not cut it down? A quarter [qab]. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, all according to the olive tree¹¹³If the value of the olive wood is greater than the value of the olive harvest from the tree..

But rather because it is written (Deuteronomy 20:19), "as from it you shall eat and you shall not cut it down," and it is written (Deuteronomy 20:20), "it will you destroy and cut down." Behold, how is this? If he is a proper Torah scholar, "from him shall you 'eat' and you shall not cut him down"; and if not, "him will you destroy and cut down."'"