Tafsiran Imamat 19:3: Ba'alei Brit Avram, Rashi, Kli Yakar & Sforno

You shall each fear your mother and your father, etc.: He first commanded about the fear of father and mother, because one who honors his father and mother, and is afraid of them, recognizes those who gave him birth and who created him. And likewise is it incumbent upon his father and mother to also do to their forebears, and likewise those to those up until the supernal Elder who created everything. And so, from the fear of one's father and mother, he will recognize the existence of the Creator, may He be blessed, and His awe. This is along the lines of that which [the Sages] said (Kiddushin 30b), "I count it for you as if I lived among them and you honored Me." And from the Shabbat as well, we know and we believe in the origin of the world and that it has an Originator who originated it during the six days of creation. So, "I am the Lord your God," will then be fulfilled. And afterwards He warned about combination [of God with other forces], like His saying (Leviticus 19:4), "Do not turn to the idols," and distance yourself from that which is ugly and that which is similar to it, from combination and that which is similar to it. And because of this, he warned about the thinking of pigul, which is when he slaughters a sacrifice today in order to eat from it tomorrow, outside of its [allotted] time. For it is necessary to not mix and combine any other thought with it. And this is the meaning of (Leviticus 19:5), "you shall slaughter it to be acceptable for you."

איש אמו ואביו תראו means, EVERYONE OF YOU SHALL FEAR HIS MOTHER AND HIS FATHER; this is the literal sense. The Halachic explanation of the verse, however, is as follows: Since Scripture says איש I have here only the law that a man must fear his father and his mother, whence do I know that this applies also to a woman? Because Scripture states תיראו (in the plural), it is evident therefore that it speaks here of two (man and woman). But if this be so (that Scripture means to include a woman also) why does it use the term איש, a man? Because it is the man who has the means to do it, whilst the woman is under the control of others (what she does is dependent upon her husband’s consent)(Sifra, Kedoshim, Section 1 3; Kiddushin 30b).

A man shall revere his mother and his father, and you shall observe My Sabbaths. Rashi explains that if your father tells you to violate the Sabbath, do not listen to him. But in the section of Vayakhel, Rashi explains that since the observance of the Sabbath is mentioned before the construction of the Tabernacle, it teaches us that the construction of the Tabernacle does not override the Sabbath. Thus, we learn that what is mentioned first overrides what is mentioned later. However, in this case, the verse begins in the singular form a man shall revere his mother and his father and concludes in the plural form you shall revere and you shall observe. In the case of reverence, it is understandable that it refers to both man and woman, as Rashi explains. But regarding the Sabbath, why does it say you shall observe in the plural form? What difference does it make whether it’s a man or a woman? Rather, certainly, you shall observe refers to both the child and the parent, teaching you that both you and your father are obligated to honor Me.