Tafsiran Ulangan 20:6: Rashi, Chizkuni, Ramban & Ibn Ezra

ולא חללו [AND WHAT MAN IS THERE THAT HATH PLANTED A VINEYARD] AND HATH YET NOT EATEN OF IT — לא חללו means, has not yet redeemed it in the fourth year of its growth, for the fruits had either to be eaten in Jerusalem or to be given a non-holy character (חולין), by exchanging them for money and the money’s worth to be consumed in Jerusalem (The phrase therefore means no more than: who hath not eaten of it).

ולא חללו, “and has not been able to enjoy the fruit of it.” The word describes dancing of a kind. It was customary at the end of the fourth year after planting a vineyard for the owner to give a party seeing that up to then the fruit of that vineyard was not at his free disposal. (Compare Judges 21,21, about the daughters of Shiloh.)

V’LO CHIL’LO’ — the fourth year [since the vineyard was planted] had not yet arrived. For the custom regarding a vineyard used to be that when the produce was ripe they would dance there and walk in it with chalilim (flutes). Now, Scripture commanded that all the fruits thereof [of the fourth year] shall be holy, for giving praise unto the Eternal,³⁰⁴Leviticus 19:24. that they should praise the Glorious Name³⁰⁵Further, 28:58. at that celebration. It is possible that the meaning of v’lo chil’lo is “that he has not made it chulin (secular),” this referring to the “redemption” [i.e., exchanging the fruits for money in case he cannot transport them to Jerusalem] which our Rabbis have mentioned,³⁰⁶Maaser Sheini 5:2. it being similar to the expressions: for Judah ‘chileil’ (hath profaned) the holiness of the Eternal³⁰⁷Malachi 2:11. [which means Israel has exchanged Him for other gods]; and he shall not ‘yechaleil’ (profane) his seed³⁰⁸Leviticus 21:15. — Here too, by not being able to bring the fruits to Jerusalem, he exchanges their holiness for the redemption money. [which also means that he shall not exchange his holy seed by taking a woman forbidden to him].