Halakha Imamat 19:10: Mishneh Torah, Gifts to the Poor, Mishneh Torah, Positive Mitzvot & Sefer HaChinukh

And so it is with peret [separated fruit] that fell from the vine at the time of harvesting and with olélot [malformed grape clusters], as it is said, (Lev. 19:10) You shall not pick your vineyard bare [te'olél] or gather the fallen fruit [uferet] of your vineyard; you shall leave them for the poor and the stranger. So also with one who stacks sheaves and has forgotten a sheaf in the field. This person may not recover it, as it is said, (Deut. 24:19) And overlook a sheaf in the field, do not turn back to get it. If one does transgress [the negative mitzvah against picking up a forgotten sheaf] and gleans and even grinds and bakes, this one still must give to the poor, as it is said, (Deut. 24:19) It shall go to the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. This is a positive mitzvah. Thus you learn that all these mitzvot are negative which are transformed into positive mitzvot, and if one does not fulfill a positive mitzvah, one deserves punishment.³Each one of these verses is two-fold; one part corresponds to the prohibition against gleaning or picking all of a crop while the other part is the injunction to give food to the poor. Each one of the gifts for the poor involves two acts: one of self-restraint and one of giving.

It is mentioned regarding gifts for the poor, (Lev. 19:10, 23:22) You shall leave them for the poor and the stranger, [that is to say] each time the poor have a claim on them [these gifts], when they have ceased to desire and return after them, the remainder is permitted to anyone, for it is not in and of itself sanctified like gift-offerings [which belong only to the Temple in Jerusalem].⁹Giving to the Temple in Jerusalem was a different kind of giving than giving to the poor including any kind of consecrated property or sacrifice, such as a gift-offering. Property became sanctified when the donor said a pledge to that effect and was immediately efficacious, and the use of the property other than for the Temple was prohibited.. Nor is one obligated to give their value's worth, for it does not say, "give them to the poor" but rather you shall leave them [for the poor]. It is not a mitzvah to leave them for wild animals and birds but rather for the poor, and these [animals] are not "the poor" [but rather they should be used by people].¹⁰See Babylonian Talmud 134b, where it says that we leave food for people and not for "ravens and bats." "

If leket fell to the ground and the poor did not glean them and then the owner of the field came and bundled his harvest from all that was on the ground [including the leket left there], what is he supposed to do? He rolls his bundle over entirely to another place, and all the stalks which touch the ground [on the outside of the bundle] are for the poor⁶⁹This method leaves a much greater quantity for the poor. because it cannot be known which was leket, and gifts for the poor that are in doubt are deemed to be for the poor,⁷⁰It is better to err on the side of generosity than on the side of selfishness. See Babylonian Talmud Chullin 134a. as it is said, (Lev. 19:10, 23:22) Leave [them for the poor], that which is left before them from your property.