זֶ֡ה קָרְבַּן֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן וּבָנָ֜יו אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֣יבוּ לַֽיהוָ֗ה בְּיוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔וֹ עֲשִׂירִ֨ת הָאֵפָ֥ה סֹ֛לֶת מִנְחָ֖ה תָּמִ֑יד מַחֲצִיתָ֣הּ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וּמַחֲצִיתָ֖הּ בָּעָֽרֶב׃
Inilah persembahan Harun dan anak-anaknya yang harus mereka persembahkan kepada Yang Mahakekal pada hari ia diurapi: sepersepuluh efa tepung halus sebagai korban sajian tetap, setengahnya pada waktu pagi dan setengahnya pada waktu petang.
Siftei Chakhamim
Is referred to later on. . . Rashi wishes to prove that the “unleavened bread” mentioned here is actually “scalded dough.” The term “bread” comprises all types, so Rashi explains that here, “bread” means “scalded dough.” His proof is from (Vayikra 6:13), “This is the offering of Aharon and his sons. . . on the day that he is anointed.” [This verse raises a question:] What does, “The day that he is anointed,” teach us regarding his sons? [The answer is:] The installation of an ordinary kohein into his service, in all generations, is being compared to the Kohein Gadol’s daily offering. This offering is called chavisin, and is of “scalded dough” — as it is written, “You shall bring it well scalded in boiling water” (ibid. v. 14). Therefore, on the day of installation of Aharon’s sons, who are ordinary kohanim, there is an offering is of “scalded dough.” [See Menachos 78a and Rashi there.] The “scalded dough” is bread whose dough is completely scalded in boiling water, then baked in an oven, and then fried in a pan. The “loaves” and “wafers” are only baked in an oven. The “loaves” are mixed with oil while still flour. The “wafers” are first baked and then anointed with oil in the shape of the Greek letter chi, and the rest of their oil is consumed by the kohanim. Some say that the wafers are repeatedly anointed until the whole log of oil is used up. (Re”m)
Ramban
WHEN THOU LIGHTEST THE LAMPS. “Why does the section dealing with the candelabrum follow [the section which tells of] the dedication-offerings of the princes? The reason is that when Aaron saw the dedication-offerings of the princes, he became disheartened because neither he nor his tribe participated with them in the dedication; whereupon the Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: ‘By thy life! Thy contribution is [of] greater [significance] than theirs, for thou wilt kindle and trim the lamps every morning and evening.’”1“Every morning and evening.” This is not found in our texts of Rashi. This is Rashi’s language, from a Midrash Agadah.2Tanchuma Beha’alothcha 5. — “Midrash Agadah.” Rabbinic texts on the Five Books of Moses are divided into two classes: “Midrash Halachah” (texts dealing mainly with the legal parts of the Torah), which consist of the Mechilta on the Book of Exodus, Sifra [or Torath Kohanim] on the Book of Leviticus, and Sifre on the Books of Numbers and Deuteronomy. Another set of texts deal mainly with the narrative, ethical and homiletical aspects of the Scriptures. These comprise two major works — the Midrash Rabbah and Tanchuma. There is in addition a large group of smaller Midrashim that belong to this category. The generic term “Midrash Agadah” includes all this second group of texts.
But it is not clear to me why G-d consoled Aaron [by reminding him of his function] in lighting the lamps, rather than consoling him with the burning of the incense every morning and evening, which is [the specific function of his] with which Scripture praised him, as it is said, they shall put incense before Thee.3Deuteronomy 33:10. This was recited by Moses in praise of the whole tribe of Levi consisting of priests and Levites, and he singled out this function of the priests for special praise, thus indicating that the burning of incense was a highly significant act. So why did G-d not console Aaron with this special prerogative of his? Or [G-d could have reminded him of] all the offerings [performed only by his descendants], and the meal-offering of baked cakes [which is brought daily by the High Priest personally],4Leviticus 6:13-15. and the Service on the Day of Atonement which is only valid if done by him [i.e., Aaron and subsequent High Priests], and [by the fact that it is] he who enters into the innermost part of the Sanctuary, and he is the holy one of the Eternal,5Psalms 106:16. standing in His Temple to minister unto Him, and to bless in His Name,6Deuteronomy 10:8. and his entire tribe minister to our G-d! Moreover, what reason was there for Aaron’s uneasiness of mind [upon seeing the offerings of the princes]? Was not his [dedication-] offering greater than that of the [other] princes, for he offered up during those days — all the [seven] days of the initiation [of the priests] — many offerings? And if you reply that [he was disheartened because] his offerings were obligatory and he had been commanded to bring them, and therefore he was dispirited because he did not bring a voluntary offering for the dedication of the altar as they did — [this cannot be so] because the lighting of the lamps with which He consoled Aaron was also a duty which he had been commanded! [Therefore what consolation did Aaron derive for not sharing in the voluntary offerings by being given a commandment which was obligatory?]
But the intention of this homiletic text is to derive an allusion from this section [of the Torah] to the Chanukah (“Dedication”) of lights which occurred in the period of the Second Temple through Aaron and his sons, namely [Matithyahu] the Hasmonean, who was High Priest, and his sons.7See Vol. I, pp. 589-590. And I have found this explanation in the following text of Megillath Setharim8Literally: “Scroll of Hidden Things.” This was a kind of anthology of various subjects — law, tradition, Biblical exegesis, philosophy, as well as explanations of customs. It is possible that they were primarily notes which the author wrote down for his own benefit, not intending them for public use, hence its name — “Scroll of Hidden Things.” The book was popular in the era of the Rishonim [“the Early Scholars” of the eleventh and twelfth centuries]. It has been lost in the course of time. of Rabbeinu Nissim,9Rabbeinu Nissim lived in the first half of the eleventh century of the Common Era. He was the son of Rabbi Yaakov of Kairwan in North Africa, to whom Rabbeinu Sherira Gaon (see Vol. I, p. 97) addressed his famous letter, in which he gives a historical account of how the Mishnah was written and how the traditions were passed on through the later generations. After the death of his father, Rabbeinu Nissim together with Rabbeinu Chananel (see Vol. II p. 106, Note 45, and Vol. III, p. 324, Note 286) were the recognized authorities of the Kairwan community. Rabbeinu Nissim wrote a commentary on many tractates of the Talmud which is existing and is outstanding for its clarity of exposition. who mentions this tradition, saying: “I have seen in the Midrash: When [the princes of] the twelve tribes brought the dedication-offerings and the tribe of Levi did not etc., the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him: When thou lightest the lamps. There is another Dedication in which there will be lighting of the lamps, when I will perform through your sons miracles and salvation for Israel, and a Dedication which will be called by their name, namely, ‘the Chanukah of the sons of the Hasmonean.’10The sense of the verse here is thus: “It is you [Aaron and sons, through your descendants the Hasmoneans] who will kindle and trim the lamps in the days of the Second Temple.” Therefore He put this section [dealing with the lighting of the lamps] next to the section concerning the dedication of the altar.” Thus far is his [Rabbeinu Nissim’s] language.
And I have further seen in Yelamdeinu11Tanchuma Beha’alothcha, 5. On the meaning of the term Yelamdeinu, see Vol. II, p. 131, Note 196. and also in the Midrash Rabbah12Bamidbar Rabbah 15:5. [the following text]: “The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses: Go and tell Aaron — ‘Fear not! You are designated for something of greater importance than this. The offerings are brought only as long as the Sancutary is in existence, but the lamps will give light in front of the candelabrum forever; and all the blessings that I have given you with which to bless My children will never come to an end.’” Now it is an obvious fact that when the Sanctuary is not in existence and the offerings are not brought because of its destruction, the lighting of the lamps [of the candelabrum in the Sanctuary] also ceases [so what does the Midrash mean in saying that G-d promised Aaron that the lighting of the lamps would never stop]! Therefore [we must say] that the Sages of the Midrash were alluding to the lights of the Dedication of the Hasmoneans, which applies [on the festival of Chanukah] even after the destruction of the Sanctuary, in our exile. Similarly the priestly blessing13Above, 6:24-26. which is also juxtaposed to the dedication-offerings of the princes applies forever. Thus the Rabbis interpreted the proximity to the chapter of the dedication-offerings of the princes of both [the section] before and after it, in honor of Aaron who was not included with the princes [in those dedication-offerings].
Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra explains that this section was placed next to [the verse above, stating, And when Moses went into the Tent of Meeting that He might speak with him …],14Ibid., 7:89. in order “to inform us that the Divine communication [to Moses] would come at night as well, for there [in the Tent of Meeting] the lamp would be burning and would not become extinguished.” But this is not so according to the opinion of our Rabbis, who say:15Mechilta Pis’cha 2. “Did He not speak to him [Moses] only in the daytime?” And if Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra would have understood the difference between the prophecy [experienced by] Moses and that of the other prophets,16Ramban clearly refers to the explanation of Rambam in his introduction to the tenth chapter of Tractate Sanhedrin, where he elucidates the ways in which the prophecy of Moses our teacher differed from that of all other prophets: “…Secondly, in the case of all other prophets, prophecy only comes to them either in the course of natural sleep … or when overtaken during the day by such a deep sleep as to be deprived of all consciousness, their minds being completely suspended … In the case of Moses, however, the word of G-d came to him during the day, and whilst he was standing between the two cherubim [of the ark of the covenant]” (see my translation of this introduction, in “The Commandments,” Vol. I, pp. 275-276). he would not have thought so [i.e., that the Divine communication also came to Moses at night]; as Scripture states, If there be a prophet among you, I the Eternal do make Myself known unto him in a vision, I do speak with him in a dream. My servant Moses is not so,17Further, 12:6-7. for his prophecy was not through a dream, since dreams take place when it is actually night. But the order of arrangement of these sections [of the Torah] is as I have explained,18In the introduction to this book, and above in Seder Naso 7:1. for Scripture’s purpose in this book is to complete the laws of the offerings and all that must be done in the Tent of Meeting. Now He had said originally, And thou shalt command the children of Israel, that they bring unto thee pure olive oil beaten for the light, to cause a lamp to burn continually,19Exodus 27:20. but He did not mention the candelabrum there, and therefore [one might have thought] that it indicates that they [only] have to kindle [the lamps] in the candelabrum when it is available, just as He said in [the section concerning] the making thereof, and he shall light the lamps thereof, to give light over against it.20Ibid., 25:37. But if it were perchance lost or broken [we might have thought that] they should light the lamps without the candelabrum, and that the candelabrum is not essential for the lighting, since the commandment is to cause a lamp to burn continually19Exodus 27:20. for all time. Therefore21The word “Therefore” is added in the Tur. He commanded again afterwards, [so that it would be applicable] at once and for all generations, Command the children of Israel, that they bring unto thee pure olive oil,22Leviticus 24:2. stating, He [Aaron] shall set in order the lamps upon the pure candelabrum,23Ibid., Verse 4. meaning that he may only set the lamps in order upon the pure candelabrum. And since He completed here the account of the erection of the Tabernacle, He also finished all the laws of the lamps, and commanded that the seven lamps should always be burning for all generations in front of the candelabrum,24In Verse 2 before us. just as He had mentioned at the making of the candelabrum, and he shall light the lamps thereof, to give light over against it20Ibid., 25:37. — but not without the candelabrum, and not unless all the lamps give light over against it. He did not mention the Tent of Meeting in this section, in order to instruct [us] that this [law] applies also in the Sanctuary [at Jerusalem], for one might have thought that because there were no windows in the Tent of Meeting it was necessary to have this light, whereas in the Sanctuary [at Jerusalem] where there were windows broad within, and narrow without25I Kings 6:4. The windows were made in that way in order to indicate that it is not light from the outside world that comes into the Sanctuary but on the contrary — it is from the Sanctuary that the light goes forth to the world (Menachoth 86b, Rashi). [such a light] would not be necessary, therefore He did not mention here the Tent of Meeting.
But it is not clear to me why G-d consoled Aaron [by reminding him of his function] in lighting the lamps, rather than consoling him with the burning of the incense every morning and evening, which is [the specific function of his] with which Scripture praised him, as it is said, they shall put incense before Thee.3Deuteronomy 33:10. This was recited by Moses in praise of the whole tribe of Levi consisting of priests and Levites, and he singled out this function of the priests for special praise, thus indicating that the burning of incense was a highly significant act. So why did G-d not console Aaron with this special prerogative of his? Or [G-d could have reminded him of] all the offerings [performed only by his descendants], and the meal-offering of baked cakes [which is brought daily by the High Priest personally],4Leviticus 6:13-15. and the Service on the Day of Atonement which is only valid if done by him [i.e., Aaron and subsequent High Priests], and [by the fact that it is] he who enters into the innermost part of the Sanctuary, and he is the holy one of the Eternal,5Psalms 106:16. standing in His Temple to minister unto Him, and to bless in His Name,6Deuteronomy 10:8. and his entire tribe minister to our G-d! Moreover, what reason was there for Aaron’s uneasiness of mind [upon seeing the offerings of the princes]? Was not his [dedication-] offering greater than that of the [other] princes, for he offered up during those days — all the [seven] days of the initiation [of the priests] — many offerings? And if you reply that [he was disheartened because] his offerings were obligatory and he had been commanded to bring them, and therefore he was dispirited because he did not bring a voluntary offering for the dedication of the altar as they did — [this cannot be so] because the lighting of the lamps with which He consoled Aaron was also a duty which he had been commanded! [Therefore what consolation did Aaron derive for not sharing in the voluntary offerings by being given a commandment which was obligatory?]
But the intention of this homiletic text is to derive an allusion from this section [of the Torah] to the Chanukah (“Dedication”) of lights which occurred in the period of the Second Temple through Aaron and his sons, namely [Matithyahu] the Hasmonean, who was High Priest, and his sons.7See Vol. I, pp. 589-590. And I have found this explanation in the following text of Megillath Setharim8Literally: “Scroll of Hidden Things.” This was a kind of anthology of various subjects — law, tradition, Biblical exegesis, philosophy, as well as explanations of customs. It is possible that they were primarily notes which the author wrote down for his own benefit, not intending them for public use, hence its name — “Scroll of Hidden Things.” The book was popular in the era of the Rishonim [“the Early Scholars” of the eleventh and twelfth centuries]. It has been lost in the course of time. of Rabbeinu Nissim,9Rabbeinu Nissim lived in the first half of the eleventh century of the Common Era. He was the son of Rabbi Yaakov of Kairwan in North Africa, to whom Rabbeinu Sherira Gaon (see Vol. I, p. 97) addressed his famous letter, in which he gives a historical account of how the Mishnah was written and how the traditions were passed on through the later generations. After the death of his father, Rabbeinu Nissim together with Rabbeinu Chananel (see Vol. II p. 106, Note 45, and Vol. III, p. 324, Note 286) were the recognized authorities of the Kairwan community. Rabbeinu Nissim wrote a commentary on many tractates of the Talmud which is existing and is outstanding for its clarity of exposition. who mentions this tradition, saying: “I have seen in the Midrash: When [the princes of] the twelve tribes brought the dedication-offerings and the tribe of Levi did not etc., the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him: When thou lightest the lamps. There is another Dedication in which there will be lighting of the lamps, when I will perform through your sons miracles and salvation for Israel, and a Dedication which will be called by their name, namely, ‘the Chanukah of the sons of the Hasmonean.’10The sense of the verse here is thus: “It is you [Aaron and sons, through your descendants the Hasmoneans] who will kindle and trim the lamps in the days of the Second Temple.” Therefore He put this section [dealing with the lighting of the lamps] next to the section concerning the dedication of the altar.” Thus far is his [Rabbeinu Nissim’s] language.
And I have further seen in Yelamdeinu11Tanchuma Beha’alothcha, 5. On the meaning of the term Yelamdeinu, see Vol. II, p. 131, Note 196. and also in the Midrash Rabbah12Bamidbar Rabbah 15:5. [the following text]: “The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses: Go and tell Aaron — ‘Fear not! You are designated for something of greater importance than this. The offerings are brought only as long as the Sancutary is in existence, but the lamps will give light in front of the candelabrum forever; and all the blessings that I have given you with which to bless My children will never come to an end.’” Now it is an obvious fact that when the Sanctuary is not in existence and the offerings are not brought because of its destruction, the lighting of the lamps [of the candelabrum in the Sanctuary] also ceases [so what does the Midrash mean in saying that G-d promised Aaron that the lighting of the lamps would never stop]! Therefore [we must say] that the Sages of the Midrash were alluding to the lights of the Dedication of the Hasmoneans, which applies [on the festival of Chanukah] even after the destruction of the Sanctuary, in our exile. Similarly the priestly blessing13Above, 6:24-26. which is also juxtaposed to the dedication-offerings of the princes applies forever. Thus the Rabbis interpreted the proximity to the chapter of the dedication-offerings of the princes of both [the section] before and after it, in honor of Aaron who was not included with the princes [in those dedication-offerings].
Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra explains that this section was placed next to [the verse above, stating, And when Moses went into the Tent of Meeting that He might speak with him …],14Ibid., 7:89. in order “to inform us that the Divine communication [to Moses] would come at night as well, for there [in the Tent of Meeting] the lamp would be burning and would not become extinguished.” But this is not so according to the opinion of our Rabbis, who say:15Mechilta Pis’cha 2. “Did He not speak to him [Moses] only in the daytime?” And if Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra would have understood the difference between the prophecy [experienced by] Moses and that of the other prophets,16Ramban clearly refers to the explanation of Rambam in his introduction to the tenth chapter of Tractate Sanhedrin, where he elucidates the ways in which the prophecy of Moses our teacher differed from that of all other prophets: “…Secondly, in the case of all other prophets, prophecy only comes to them either in the course of natural sleep … or when overtaken during the day by such a deep sleep as to be deprived of all consciousness, their minds being completely suspended … In the case of Moses, however, the word of G-d came to him during the day, and whilst he was standing between the two cherubim [of the ark of the covenant]” (see my translation of this introduction, in “The Commandments,” Vol. I, pp. 275-276). he would not have thought so [i.e., that the Divine communication also came to Moses at night]; as Scripture states, If there be a prophet among you, I the Eternal do make Myself known unto him in a vision, I do speak with him in a dream. My servant Moses is not so,17Further, 12:6-7. for his prophecy was not through a dream, since dreams take place when it is actually night. But the order of arrangement of these sections [of the Torah] is as I have explained,18In the introduction to this book, and above in Seder Naso 7:1. for Scripture’s purpose in this book is to complete the laws of the offerings and all that must be done in the Tent of Meeting. Now He had said originally, And thou shalt command the children of Israel, that they bring unto thee pure olive oil beaten for the light, to cause a lamp to burn continually,19Exodus 27:20. but He did not mention the candelabrum there, and therefore [one might have thought] that it indicates that they [only] have to kindle [the lamps] in the candelabrum when it is available, just as He said in [the section concerning] the making thereof, and he shall light the lamps thereof, to give light over against it.20Ibid., 25:37. But if it were perchance lost or broken [we might have thought that] they should light the lamps without the candelabrum, and that the candelabrum is not essential for the lighting, since the commandment is to cause a lamp to burn continually19Exodus 27:20. for all time. Therefore21The word “Therefore” is added in the Tur. He commanded again afterwards, [so that it would be applicable] at once and for all generations, Command the children of Israel, that they bring unto thee pure olive oil,22Leviticus 24:2. stating, He [Aaron] shall set in order the lamps upon the pure candelabrum,23Ibid., Verse 4. meaning that he may only set the lamps in order upon the pure candelabrum. And since He completed here the account of the erection of the Tabernacle, He also finished all the laws of the lamps, and commanded that the seven lamps should always be burning for all generations in front of the candelabrum,24In Verse 2 before us. just as He had mentioned at the making of the candelabrum, and he shall light the lamps thereof, to give light over against it20Ibid., 25:37. — but not without the candelabrum, and not unless all the lamps give light over against it. He did not mention the Tent of Meeting in this section, in order to instruct [us] that this [law] applies also in the Sanctuary [at Jerusalem], for one might have thought that because there were no windows in the Tent of Meeting it was necessary to have this light, whereas in the Sanctuary [at Jerusalem] where there were windows broad within, and narrow without25I Kings 6:4. The windows were made in that way in order to indicate that it is not light from the outside world that comes into the Sanctuary but on the contrary — it is from the Sanctuary that the light goes forth to the world (Menachoth 86b, Rashi). [such a light] would not be necessary, therefore He did not mention here the Tent of Meeting.
Rabbeinu Bahya
A Midrashic approach to the words שבעת הנרות, based on Tanchuma Behaalotcha 6. The matter is best approached by means of a parable. A king had a close friend, and one day he told this friend that he planned to have a meal at his house. He asked the friend to set a place for him at his table. The friend prepared for his honored guest to the best of his ability. When the king arrived he brought with him an entire entourage of servants, butlers, fancy candlesticks, etc., etc. When his host saw all this splendor he was so ashamed of his comparatively puny effort that he hid whatever he had set out for his guest. When the king saw that the friend apparently had not made any preparations to receive him, he said to his host: “did I not tell you that I was going to have a meal with you, so why did you not make suitable preparations?” The host told the king that he had indeed made preparations to the best of his modest ability but that when he saw what the king’s servants brought he felt so inadequate that he removed his inferior dishes, etc. Upon hearing this the king said to his friend: “I am going to abandon all the fancy chandeliers and other vessels which my servants have brought, and instead I am going to use only your vessels, all in appreciation of your fondness of me.” Seeing that G’d is all “light” in the most brilliant form, He decided not to use His own light in the Tabernacle but to allow His “friend” the Jewish people to provide Him with the kind of light they are able to provide. This is why G’d commanded the Menorah to be kindled daily in the Tabernacle to demonstrate His fondness of His host, the Jewish people. Seeing that Moses had constructed the Tabernacle for G’d and all its appurtenances and this constituted the best he was able to do and when the Shechinah did arrive Moses found himself unable to enter, (Exodus 40,35) G’d now called to Moses to the Tent of Meeting and spoke to him. What was the subject of this conversation? The instruction to kindle the Menorah regularly, etc. Israel was pleasantly surprised, saying: “G’d who illuminates the entire universe wants us to provide light for Him?!” When the Temple was destroyed the Menorah was hidden (because of the powerful sanctity it exuded). This reflects what our sages told us already in the Tanchuma that Moses had extreme difficulty in comprehending exactly how the Menorah was to be constructed. In the end, G’d commanded Moses to throw the requisite amount (1 kikar) of gold into a crucible and the Menorah emerged completely formed. This is the meaning of the words תיעשה המנורה, “the Menorah emerged ready.” There is no mention made of Betzalel or anyone else fashioning the Menorah. (compare Exodus 25,31) The expression מקשה normally translated as “cast” also alludes to the difficulty קשה Moses had with the concept of the Menorah. [Although Exodus 37,17 gives the impression that Betzalel had made the Menorah, the absence of his name may indicate that although G’d made it he received credit for it seeing he was so dedicated. (Compare Shemot Rabbah 50,5. Ed.)]
These were the details of the Menorah: it was 18 tefachim high, corresponding to the numerical value of the letters in the word וזה (verse 4). Concerning the word מקשה, our sages state that Moses had difficulty with four different instructions by G’d until He had to show him with a “finger” what the finished product was going to look like. The Menorah, the sacrificial offerings, the shekel contribution, and the new moon were the four pieces of legislation which Moses did not understand in the mere abstract. Each of these pieces of legislation has been described at one point or another by the Torah with the word זה, “this,” meaning that Moses was given help by being shown a graphic illustration. (Compare Leviticus 6,13 regarding the sacrifice of Aaron; Exodus 12,2 regarding new moon; Exodus 30,13 regarding the shekel, i.e. half-shekel, and our verse here).
Even though our sages said in connection with such verses as Leviticus 11,29 וזה לכם הטמא, and “this will be impure for you,” that G’d took Moses by the hand and showed him the animals in question, in those instances Moses did not have conceptual difficulties and this is why the Midrash spoke only of four examples (Compare Chulin 44).
These were the details of the Menorah: it was 18 tefachim high, corresponding to the numerical value of the letters in the word וזה (verse 4). Concerning the word מקשה, our sages state that Moses had difficulty with four different instructions by G’d until He had to show him with a “finger” what the finished product was going to look like. The Menorah, the sacrificial offerings, the shekel contribution, and the new moon were the four pieces of legislation which Moses did not understand in the mere abstract. Each of these pieces of legislation has been described at one point or another by the Torah with the word זה, “this,” meaning that Moses was given help by being shown a graphic illustration. (Compare Leviticus 6,13 regarding the sacrifice of Aaron; Exodus 12,2 regarding new moon; Exodus 30,13 regarding the shekel, i.e. half-shekel, and our verse here).
Even though our sages said in connection with such verses as Leviticus 11,29 וזה לכם הטמא, and “this will be impure for you,” that G’d took Moses by the hand and showed him the animals in question, in those instances Moses did not have conceptual difficulties and this is why the Midrash spoke only of four examples (Compare Chulin 44).