창세기 7:14의 주석

צפור כל כנף [EVERY] BIRD OF EVERY KIND — The word צפור is in the construct state, viz.. birds of every kind of wing, thus including locusts (Chullin 139b). The word כנף means “wingfeather”, as (Leviticus 1:17) “He shall rend it by the wings thereof”, for even its feathers were offered as a sacrifice. Also here, the meaning is, birds with any kind of semblance of wing.

המה..כל צפור, כל כנף, when the Torah used the word עוף it referred to any creature that could fly, יעוף. Now the Torah became even more explicit, writing כל צפור, a generic term for all the larger birds. The expression צפור includes both the ritually pure birds as well as the ritually impure ones. כל כנף, the Torah adds more detail, writing that every creature that has wings was included in those entering the ark; alternatively, the word could be understood as an adjective, i.e. “every feathered creature.”

[The word ציפור] is in the construct state. I.e., we should not think that צפור stands on its own and כנף stands on its own. [This cannot be,] since a צפור, too, has a כנף. Alternatively, if כל כנף is a different thing, how could it come into the ark with Noach? There cannot be a wing without a bird! Thus, it must be in the construct state. Rashi then answers the questions: [If so,] why is it necessary to write כנף? Obviously, a bird has wings! Furthermore, how can it say כל כנף? A bird does not have all the wings in the world! Rashi answers: It means, “Birds of every winged species, including locusts,” since they, too, have wings. But צפור [alone] does not include locusts, as they are not birds. The Maharshal explains that if not for the construct state, we would interpret it as כל צפור כנף, thereby excluding anything without a wing. And locusts would be excluded too, since they are not called birds.

עוף .כל צפור כל כנף bezeichnet den Vogel nach seiner Bewegung; עוף nach etwas streben, hinfliegen. כנף verwandt mit גנב bezeichnet den Flügel, nach seiner Wirkung, indem er den Vogel der Erde entzieht, enthebt. Die Herleitung von צפור ist dunkel. Es findet sich צפר in Nagel: צפרן und in צָפִיר, gleichbedeutend mit שעיר, das Haarige, Struppige: der Bock. Es kann daher צפור den Vogel nach seiner Federbedeckung, dem Gefieder bezeichnen, und wäre daher die Radix צפר gleichzeitig Bezeichnung für Nagel, Haar und Feder, die doch im Grunde aus demselben Gewebe bestehen. Dunkel bleibt aber der Zusammenhang mit צפירת תפארה und ויצפר מהר גלער (Richter 7, 3). Ebenso ist nicht klar, was hier durch die dreifache Bezeichnung: "כל העוף למינהו כל צפור כל כנף" gesagt wird. Vielleicht ist unter עוף alles Fliegende im allgemeinen, und hier, in Unterscheidung von צפר, alles geflügelte Insekt zu verstehen, das fliegt, aber nicht gefiedert ist; unter צפור dann das gefiederte Fliegende, also der eigentliche Vogel. Die Weisen verstehen aber überall unter צפור nur den reinen Vogel. Vielleicht wird hier das Fliegende aller Art so besonders hervorgehoben, weil es eben sich dem Menschen am meisten entzieht, hier aber auf Gottes Geheiss sich bei Noa einfand.

כל צפור כל כנף, “every bird, every wing.” According to B’reshit Rabbah 32,8, these apparently superfluous words are to tell us that every one of these birds some of which Noach would use as sacrifices later on, were complete, whole, i.e. did not have a single feather missing, as this would have disqualified them as potential sacrifices. None had damaged reproductive organs.