이사야 27:1의 주석
בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֡וּא יִפְקֹ֣ד יְהוָה֩ בְּחַרְב֨וֹ הַקָּשָׁ֜ה וְהַגְּדוֹלָ֣ה וְהַֽחֲזָקָ֗ה עַ֤ל לִוְיָתָן֙ נָחָ֣שׁ בָּרִ֔חַ וְעַל֙ לִוְיָתָ֔ן נָחָ֖שׁ עֲקַלָּת֑וֹן וְהָרַ֥ג אֶת־הַתַּנִּ֖ין אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּיָּֽם׃ (ס)
그 날에 여호와께서 그 견고하고 크고 강한 칼로 날랜 뱀 리워야단 곧 꼬불꼬불한 뱀 리워야단을 벌하시며 바다에 있는 용을 죽이시리라
Rashi on Isaiah
on leviathan the barlike serpent Jonathan renders: On the king who aggrandized himself like Pharaoh the first king, and upon a king who was as haughty as Sennacherib the second king. בָּרִיחַ is an expression of ‘straight’ like a bar, since he is the first. (The matter of simplicity is related to oneness. Since Pharaoh was the first great king, he is referred to as ‘the barlike serpent,’ a straight, penetrating serpent, that does not coil.)
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
ביום ההוא In those days.1ביום ההוא Though singular, does not refer to one particular day, but to a whole period.
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Rashi on Isaiah
crooked An expression of ‘double,’ since he is the second one. (I.e. the bend in the serpent indicates duality, thus the number two.) And I say that these are three important nations: Egypt, Assyria, and Edom. He, therefore, stated concerning these as he said at the end of the section (v. 13), “And those lost in the land of Assyria shall come, as well as those lost in the land of Egypt,” and since the nations are likened to serpents that bite.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
The Lord shall visit. As mentioned in the preceding verse.
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Rashi on Isaiah
leviathan the barlike serpent That is Egypt.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
Leviathan. The Theli ; (תלי)2תלי is the imaginary axis or line through the centre of the earth, and the two points in which the ecliptic and the equator, or the ecliptic and the orbit of the moon meet. The latter is probably meant here. The origin of the word has not yet been fully established. It is generally believed to be the same as in Arabic تالي but the two words, being quite different in meaning, תלי) hanging, تالي following,) are probably not connected with each other. Moreover, if תלי were the same as تالي it would have been written תאלי. It seems more probable and natural to derive תלי from תלה to hang, since it denotes the ends from which the earth is, as it were, suspended. (Comp. תלאי Talm. Bab. Shab. 78; and תולה ארץ על כלימה He hangeth the earth upon nothing (Job 26:7). This axis, being a straight line, is called בריח a bar, which passes in a straight line from one end to the other; but at the same time the attribute עקלתון crooked, is given to it, because the intersections of the ecliptic and the orbit of the moon are not constant, and the three points above-mentioned are therefore not exactly in a straight line. It is likewise connected with the name of תנין dragon; the one end of the line being called the head, the other the tail of the dragon. These names owe their origin probably to the serpentine winding of the orbit of the moon round the ecliptic. R. Jehuda Hallevi compares the axis of the ecliptic with a king, who sitteth on his throne and thence governs the whole country (Cusari 4:25). A similar idea presented itself to the mind of the commentator, who explained נחש בריח by תלי, and signified by this figure the king of Assyria or of Egypt. it has the epithet בריח stretching,3A. V., Piercing. because it stretches from one end to the other. [I think it is a sea monster].4The words in brackets are added, firstly because from the remark of I. E. on Job 26:13, it appears that he explained נחש בריח to be a sea monster; secondly, because it is evident from his remark on נחש עקלתון that a remark to that effect must have preceded.
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Rashi on Isaiah
leviathan the crooked serpent That is Assyria.
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
Even Leviathan, that crooked serpent. This is likewise an animal that lives in the sea; it is like a serpent, for there are also serpent-like animals in the sea.5The sea-monsters are usually called תנינים; this remark is therefore added, that they are also called נחשים, some of them being serpent-like. עקלתון Crooked. It is an adjective.
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Rashi on Isaiah
and He shall slay the dragon that is in the sea That is Tzor that is the head of the children of Esau, and it is situated in the heart of the seas, and so Kittim are called the islands of the sea, and they are the Romans [according to certain manuscripts]. ([Some editions read:] They are the Greeks.)
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
And the dragon that is in the sea. That is, The great dragon in the sea. (Ez. 29:3).
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Ibn Ezra on Isaiah
Some are of opinion that the Leviathan, the stretching serpent, and the Leviathan, the crooked serpent, are both land animals, and are used figuratively for the kings of the land;6Assyria or Babylon. while the dragon that is in the sea, is used for the king of Egypt (Comp. Ez. 29:3), or as others believe, for the king of Tyre. R. Moses Hakkohen thinks, that this verse refers to the élite of soldiers, princes, and nobles.7That is, the chiefs of the army of Sennacherib before Jerusalem.
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