창세기 4:5의 미드라쉬

[(Exod. 27:20:) AND YOU SHALL COMMAND….] This text is related (to Cant. 7:6 [5]): YOUR HEAD UPON YOU IS LIKE CARMEL, <AND THE LOCKS (dallah) OF YOUR HEAD (rosh) ARE LIKE PURPLE>. The poor (dallim) and the needy (rashim) who are among you are as dear to me as Daniel.⁸See Tanh., Exod. 8:6; Lev. R. 31:4; Cant. R. 7:6:1, all of which cite Dan. 5:29: AND THEY CLOTHED DANIEL IN PURPLE. [(Ibid., cont.:) A KING IS CAPTIVATED BY THE TRESSES (rehatim).] The Holy One, as it were, said to them: I am bound <by an oath>⁹The added words appear in all the parallel versions except Yalqut Shim’oni, Cant., 992. to be among you. By virtue of what? By virtue of the races that Abraham ran for me, as stated (in Gen. 18:6–7): ABRAHAM HASTENED TO THE TENT <…> THEN ABRAHAM RAN UNTO THE HERD.¹⁰On the three races of Abraham, see above, Tanh. (Buber), Gen. 4:5, and the note there. Ergo (in Cant. 7:6 [5]): A KING IS CAPTIVATED BY THE TRESSES (rehatim).¹¹The root of rehatim (i.e., RHT) can mean “run.” R. Levi said: By virtue of Jacob, of whom it is written (in Gen. 30:38): < AND HE SET UP THE RODS WHICH HE HAD PEELED> IN THE TROUGHS (rehatim), IN THE WATER RECEPTACLES.

(Gen. 18:17:) THEN THE LORD SAID: SHALL I HIDE FROM ABRAHAM < WHAT I AM DOING >? Let our master instruct us: When someone is translating for one reading the Torah, is it correct for him to look at a written text?²⁷Tanh. Gen. 4:5; PR 5:1; cf. yMeg. 4:1 (74d); Meg. 32a (bar.) Thus have our masters taught: The translator is forbidden to look at a written text, and the reader is forbidden to take his eyes away from the Torah since the Torah was given only in a written text, as stated (in Exod. 34:1): AND I WILL WRITE UPON THE TABLETS. But it is forbidden for the translator to look at the Torah. R. Judah ben Pazzi said: There is a text (Exod. 34:27) which explicitly proves < this injunction >: WRITE DOWN THESE WORDS. Thus, the Scripture was given in writing. (Ibid., cont.:) FOR THESE WORDS ARE BY MOUTH. Here is < a reference to > the translation, which is given by word of mouth.²⁸See Pe‘ah 2:6 (17a); Exod. R. 47:3.

(Exod. 34:27:) AND THE LORD SAID UNTO MOSES: WRITE DOWN THESE WORDS. This text is related (to Hos. 8:12): SHOULD I WRITE THE FULL ABUNDANCE OF MY TORAH (i.e., including the Oral Torah) FOR HIM? When the Holy One came to give the Torah, he spoke it to Moses in <this> order: the Scripture, the Mishnah, the Aggadah, and the Talmud.⁷⁵Exod. R. 47:1; cf. above Tanh. (Buber), Gen. 4:6; Tanh., Gen. 4:5; Exod. 9:34; PR 5:1; yPe’ah 2:6 17a. It is so stated (in Exod. 20:1): THEN GOD SPOKE ALL THESE WORDS. At that time the Holy One told Moses even what an advanced student <one day> would ask his teacher, as stated (ibid.): THEN GOD SPOKE ALL <THESE> WORDS. After Moses had learned it, the Holy One said to him: Go and teach it to my children. Moses said to him: Sovereign of the World, write it down for your children. He said to him: I want to give it to them in writing, because it has been revealed to me that the peoples of the world are going to have dominion over them and take it away from them, so that my children would be like the peoples of the world. Then give them the Scripture in writing but the Mishnah, the Aggadah, and the Talmud orally. (Exod. 34:27): AND THE LORD SAID UNTO MOSES: WRITE DOWN < THESE WORDS >. This is Scripture. (Ibid., cont.:) FOR ORALLY IN⁷⁶Al pi, literally; ON THE MOUTH OF. English translations would normally render al pi IN ACCORDANCE WITH, or something similar. <THESE WORDS…, i.e.> in the Mishnah and the Talmud, since they separate Israel from the peoples of the world.

Variantly: "Your forefathers lo se'arum": Read it not "lo se'arum," but "lo sha'um" (They had no regard for them, as in (Bereshith 4:5) "But to Cain and his offering lo sha'ah" ("He did not pay heed.")