출애굽기 34:26의 탈무드

MISHNAH: Some people bring First Fruits and make the declaration¹The thanksgiving declaration Deut. 26:5–10. It is forbidden to bring profane food into the Temple. If there is no obligation to bring First Fruits then there is a prohibition to bring. If there is an obligation, a dedication must sanctify the First Fruits as Temple offerings., some bring and do not make the declaration, and some do not bring. The following do not bring²The reason is explained in Mishnah 2.: He who plants in his own but provines³He bends a branch of a vine down into the earth and has it reappear elsewhere; cf. Kilaim 7:1, Note 1. into a private or a public plot; and so he who provines from a private or a public plot into his own. If someone plants in his own and provines into his own but a private or public road is in the middle he cannot bring; Rebbi Jehudah says he brings.

HALAKHAH: ⁶²The main occurrence of this paragraph is in Ḥallah 4:12, on the Mishnah: “Joseph the Cohen brought his First Fruits as olive oil and wine and these were not accepted in the Temple.” That Mishnah seems to contradict the Mishnah here; cf. Šiṭṭah Mequbeẓet,Ḥulin 120b, Note 11. Rebbi Ila in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: So says the Mishnah, “one does not bring First Fruits as drinks except for those made from olives and grapes,” even after it became property of the owners⁶³The priests serving in the Temple. Since First Fruits were designated as such while still growing, they were already dedicated when harvested and never were property of the farmer.. But did we not state: “If he pressed First Fruits as a drink, from where that he should bring them? The verse says (Ex. 23:19, 34:26), ‘bring!’⁶⁴Since the commandment is repeated, it means “bring in any shape or form.””. That is, if he harvested them from the start for this purpose. But here, if he did not harvest them from the start for this purpose⁶⁵In the interpretation of the Babli, the entire discussion is only about grapes. It is difficult to decide whether this is also the point of view of the Yerushalmi..

“The people from Hyena Mountain brought their First Fruits before Pentecost but they did not accept from them.” ¹⁹¹The discussion is not about the quote from the Mishnah but about Joseph the Cohen who brought his First Fruits as wine and oil. There¹⁹²Terumot 11:3. The text of the discussion is also from there, Notes 62–65. The Mishnah states: “One does not bring First Fruits as drinks except for grapes and olives.” This text is implied in the discussion here., we have stated: “One does not bring First Fruits as drinks.” Rebbi Hila in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: So says the Mishnah, “one does not turn First Fruits into drinks” even after they became property of the owners. But did we not state: “If he pressed First Fruits as a drink in order to bring them, from where that he should bring them? The verse says (Ex. 23:19, 34:26), ‘bring!’ ”. That is, if he harvested them from the start for this purpose. But here, if he did not harvest them from the start for this purpose¹⁹³But fruits other than grapes and olives may not be made into juice under any circumstances..

MISHNAH: If a man performs preliminary marriage using ‘orlah²¹¹The fruit of a tree in the first three years after planting whose usufruct is forbidden (Lev. 19:23–24; cf. Introduction to Tractate ‘Orlah.) The entire list consists of items forbidden for usufruct. Since marriage is to the man’s advantage, items forbidden for usufruct cannot be used as marriage gifts., or kilaim of a vineyard²¹²While mixtures of seeds are always forbidden (cf. Introduction to Tractate Kilaim), only foreign produce in a vineyard is forbidden for usufruct (Deut. 22:9)., or an ox sentenced to be stoned²¹³An animal which killed a human (Ex. 21:28,29)., or a calf whose neck was broken²¹⁴To atone for an unsolved murder (Deut. 21:1–9); cf. Tractate Soṭah, Chapter 9., or the birds of a sufferer from skin disease²¹⁵The two birds the recovered sufferer from skin disease needs for his purification (Lev. 14:1–7)., the hair of a nazir²¹⁶Which must be burned when his sacrifice is cooked, Num. 6:18., or the first-born of a she-ass²¹⁷This is forbidden for usufruct only before it was redeemed by a lamb, or whose neck broken. Ex. 13:11–13. The question of the biblical root of the prohibition of usufruct is raised in the Halakhah., or meat cooked in milk²¹⁸Ex. 23:19, 34:26, Deut. 14:21., or profane meat slaughtered in the Temple precinct²¹⁹Forbidden for usufruct by rabbinic interpretation., [the woman] is not preliminarily married. If he sells any of these items²²⁰While the sale is sinful, the coins received in payment are not forbidden. and uses their proceeds for preliminary marriage, she is preliminarily married.

And meat in milk. It was stated: At three places it is written do not cook a kid goat¹⁵²Meat cooked in milk, Ex. 23:19,34:26, Deut. 14:21., about eating, about usufruct, and about cooking¹⁶³Babli Ḥulin 115b, Qiddušin 57b; Mekhilta dR. Ismael Mišpaṭim 20 (opposed by Mekhilta dR. Simeon ben Ioḥai 23:19, Sifry Re`eh 104)..