Midrash sobre Gênesis 11:5

It is written of the generation of the separation: And the whole earth was of one language and of one speech (Gen. 11:1), but later they sought to ascend into the firmament, as is said: Come, let us build us a city and a tower with its top in heaven (ibid., v. 4). Hence it is written: The Lord came to see the city and the tower which the children of men had builded … so the Lord scattered them (ibid., v. 5). What a strap from such a hide!²⁶A popular proverb expressing the thought: Such a poor product from such good material.

And when Abraham was ninety years old and nine (Gen. 17:1). Scripture says elsewhere in reference to this verse: Thou art fairer than the children of man; grace is poured upon thy lips; therefore, God hath blessed thee forever. Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O mighty one, thy glory and thy majesty (Ps. 45:3–4). Concerning whom did Korah’s sons sing this song? They sang it about Abraham, the fairest of Adam’s descendants. Who were the descendants of Adam? They were: Seth, Cain, Mahalalel, Jared, Enoch, Methuseleth, Lamech, Noah, and his sons. Whence do we know that Noah’s sons were called the sons of Adam? It is said: And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of Adam builded (Gen. 11:5).

And the Lord came down to see the city (Gen. 11:5). Was it necessary for Him to descend to see it? Is not everything patent and revealed to Him, as it is said: He knoweth what is in the darkness, and the light dwelleth with Him (Dan. 2:22)? He descended in order to teach men never to render a decision against another man or to testify concerning any matter unless he has witnessed it.

Go, get thee down (Exod. 32:7). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses: Mankind has already compelled Me to descend from this place to witness its degradation, as is said: And the Lord came down to see the city … Come, let us go down (Gen. 11:5, 7), and I will go down and see (ibid. 18:21). Hence you too must go down, for it behooves a servant to behave like his master. When Moses heard that, he said to himself: Truly, there is no forgiveness for them. The Holy One, blessed be He, was aware of what was transpiring in Moses’ heart, and so He said to him: Have I not already told thee at the thorn bush that I have surely seen (Exod. 3:7)? You saw but one vision, but I have seen two. I saw them coming to Sinai and accepting My Torah, and I also saw that I would descend at Sinai on My chariot with four animals and they would examine it and unhitch one of them in order to provoke Me, as it is said: And they four had the face of an ox, etc. (Ezek. 1:10), and it is written elsewhere: Thus they exchanged their glory for an ass that eateth grass (Ps. 106:20).

Another interpretation (of Gen. 17:1): WHEN ABRAHAM WAS NINETY < -NINE > YEARS OLD. This text is related (to Ps. 45:3f. [4f.]): YOU ARE FAIRER THAN THE CHILDREN OF ADAM; GRACE IS POURED OUT ON YOUR LIPS … GIRD YOUR SWORD UPON YOUR THIGH, O MIGHTY ONE….⁹⁸Tanh., Gen. 3:18. About whom do the children of Korah speak this psalm? About Abraham. He was fairer than children of the first Adam. And who were his children? Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, Noah. Moreover, some of the children of Noah are called children of Adam. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 11:5): AND THE TOWER WHICH THE CHILDREN OF ADAM HAD BUILT. (Ps. 45:3 [2]:) GRACE IS POURED OUT ON YOUR LIPS. How was that? When you swore to the king of Sodom. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 14:22f.): THEN ABRAM SAID UNTO THE KING OF SODOM: I HAVE RAISED MY HAND (in an oath) UNTO THE LORD GOD MOST HIGH … THAT < I WILL TAKE NOT > SO MUCH AS A THREAD. What is the meaning of GRACE … ON YOUR LIPS? When you spoke, grace poured out. And what was his reward? That the Holy One said this to him: Leave me all that you have done and everything for which you have been proud of yourself. You descended into the fiery furnace and experienced a lot of trials for my name. You arose and pursued the kings. But you have been proud of yourself in the world for all that you have done. From now on, you will seek to make my valor known. (Ps. 45:4 [3]:) GIRD ON YOUR SWORD. Put circumcision between your thighs. In that hour your glory and splendor shall be in the world. When? (Gen. 17:1-2:) WHEN ABRAHAM WAS … AND LET ME PUT MY COVENANT….

The Holy One, blessed be He, said: The portion and lot which have fallen to Me, My soul liveth thereby, as it is said, "The lots have fallen unto me in pleasures; yea, I have a goodly heritage" (Ps. 16:6). The Holy One, blessed be He, descended with the seventy angels, who surround || the throne of His glory, and they confused their speech into seventy nations and seventy languages. Whence do we know that the Holy One, blessed be He, descended? Because it is said, "And the Lord God came down to see the city and the tower" (Gen. 11:5). This was the second descent.

(Gen. 11:5:) THEN THE LORD CAME DOWN TO LOOK < AT THE CITY AND AT THE TOWER >. Everything is revealed to the Holy One; yet it is written here: THEN THE LORD CAME DOWN TO LOOK. < He did so > merely to teach people proper conduct, [i.e., not to decide a lawsuit nor talk about anything which they have not seen].

(Gen. 11:5, cont.:) WHICH THE CHILDREN OF ADAM HAD BUILT. He said to them: Are you not looking to the ancient ones which were before you? {Thus it is stated in} (Gen. 11:6:) AND THE LORD SAID: THEY ARE ONE PEOPLE AND THEY ALL HAVE ONE LANGUAGE … [AND NOW NOTHING < THEY PROPOSE > WILL BE CUT OFF < FROM THEM >]. Although they rebelled, I extended my right hand to them. So I said to them: Repent, and I will receive you, just as it is stated (in Deut. 10:12): AND NOW, ISRAEL, WHAT DOES THE LORD YOUR GOD ASK [OF YOU] < … >?¹¹³According to Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael, Shirata 5, and Gen. R. 38:9, Deut. 10:12 shows that the AND NOW in Gen. 11:6 is a plea for repentance. But they said (in Gen. 11:6): NOTHING < THEY PROPOSE > WILL BE CUT OFF FROM THEM. Even if those people were cut off, they would not repent, as stated (in Jer. 6:9): LIKE A VINTAGER OVER < THE VINE > SHOOTS.

"and now nothing [they plan to do] will be prevented..." Rabbi Aba bar Kahana says that this teaches that the Holy One Blessed Be He opened up a gate of teshuvah for them, since it says "and now", and there is no "and now" except teshuvah, as in: "and now, Israel, what does haShem your God ask from you? Just to fear [haShem your God]..."