וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃
A terra era <span class="x" onmousemove="Show('perush','Como escrevera R. Sa’adia Gaon: comparava-se a um abismo. Ou seja: poder-se-ía dizer que havia a idéia da formação da Terra, mas ainda não havia ela vindo a existir no plano material. Assim, percebe-se que a água foi criada primeiramente, e somente depois a Terra. Mas, esta forma de pensar é enganosa, pois o uso dos verbos em hebraico neste caso não deixam esta possibilidade, e escreve sobre isto r. Sa’dia em sua exegese sobre o Sêfer Ietsirá, no prefácio. É uma forma de dizer que o ar e a água estavam relacionadas aos céus e à terra na criação, havendo sido criada com eles em conjunto, mas que não se ligavam completamente as partículas que compõm o planeta, estando envolvidos em água e ar. Quer dizer: tudo estava um no outro.');" onmouseout="Hide('perush');">sem forma e vazia</span>; e havia trevas sobre a face do abismo, mas o <span class="x" onmousemove="Show('perush','Mais propriamente: ventos da parte de Deus pairavam... Deus, sendo Incorpóreo e Ilimitado, não dispõe de espírito como os seres criados. Em determinados casos, o hebraico usa o termo em singular referindo-se a plural.');" onmouseout="Hide('perush');">Espírito de Deus</span> pairava sobre a face das águas.<span class="x" onmousemove="Show('perush','sobre as teses acerca da existência do mundo, e as razões pelas quais cremos nós os hebreus na criação a partir do nada (ex nihil).');" onmouseout="Hide('perush');">(*)</span>
Tosefta Chagigah
Four entered the orchard: Ben Azzai, Ben Zoma, Acher (i.e., Elisha ben Avuya), and Rabbi Akiva. One looked and died. One looked and was harmed. One looked and cut down the trees. And one went up in peace and went down in peace. Ben Azzai looked and died. Scripture says about him (Ps. 116:15): "Precious in the sight of the LORD Is the death of His saints". Ben Zoma looked and was harmed. Scripture says about him (Prov. 25:16): "Hast thou found honey? eat so much as is sufficient for thee" and the continuation. [Cont. of the verse: "Lest thou be filled therewith, and vomit it." Elisha looked and cut down the trees. Scripture says about him (Ecc. 5:5): "Suffer not thy mouth to bring thy flesh into guilt" etc. Rabbi Akiva went up in peace and went down in peace. Scripture says about him (Song of Songs 1:4): "Draw me, we will run after thee" etc. They gave a parable: What is this similar to? To the orchard of a king and there is an attic above it. It is upon [the man] to look so long as he does not move [his eyes] from it. Another parable was given. What is this similar tp? To [a street] that passes between two paths, one of fire, and one of snow. If it leans one way, it gets burned [by the fire]. If it leans the other way it gets burned by the snow. A man must walk in the middle and not lean to or fro. A story of Rabbi Yehoshua [who was walking in the street and Ben Zoma came opposite him], he reached him and did not greet him. He said to him [from where and to where] Ben Zoma? He said to him: I was watching the creation, and there is not between the upper waters and the lower waters even a handbreadth. As it is written (Gen. 1:2) "and the spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters". And it says (Deut. 32:11): "As a vulture that stirreth up her nest" etc. Just as the vulture flies over the nest, touching and not touching, so too there is not even a handbreadth between the upper waters and lower waters. Rabbi Yehoshua said to his students: Ben Zoma is already outside. In a few days, Ben Zoma passed away.
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