Комментарий к Йешайау 40:2

for she has become full [from] her host Jonathan renders: She is destined to become full from the people of the exiles, as though it would say, “She has become full from her host.” Others interpret צְבָאָה like (Job 7:1), “Is there not a time (צָבָא) for man on the earth?”

Because its set time is complete. This means to say: either they will be redeemed at the time that the set time is complete. And this will be if they don't merit to be redeemed earlier than this. Or they will be redeemed before the time - Because, for its sin is satisfied. If their sins are satisfied with repentance and merit. Or because - For it took from the Hand of God double. That He will double their torments and punishments until the punishments and torment equal - All of its sins. For example, someone who it was decreed on him to sit in jail for ten years and get lashed ten times every day, and the jail master hits him one hundred times every day, he goes free. And so too it was in Egypt, that the hardship of the service finished the four hundred years in two hundred and ten.

Her term of service is over. Her time was over, like "Wait until this week is over", and bounds the term of service which is a limited and set amount of time

דברו על לב Speak ye comfortably. The expression דבר על לב speak to the heart means always to speak kindly, so as to remove sorrow and regret for things which have already past; comp. Gen. 50:21.

has been appeased Heb. נִרְצָה, has been appeased.

Expiated. Like "That it may be acceptable in his behalf, in expiation for him."

Jerusalem. The congregation of Israel is meant.

for she has taken etc. [Jonathan paraphrases:] For she has received a cup of consolation from before the Lord as though she has been punished doubly for all her sins. According to its simple meaning, it is possible to explain, ‘for she received double punishment.’ Now if you ask, how is it the standard of the Holy One, blessed be He, to pay back a person double his sin, I will tell you that we find an explicit verse (Jer. 16:18): “And I will pay first the doubling of their iniquity and their sin.”

Double. There is a difference between "Double" (כפלים) and "Double portion" (פי שנים), "Double portion" the multiplication of the quantity makes a difference. But "Double" the quantities will be folded in half, from the idea of "and fold over the sixth cloth", and folded is the language of change, and here it wants to say that the amount of time has folded in half, and suffered the rate of anguish in half the amount of time, and because of this their punishments were folded and doubled, until all her sins were accounted for, double in everything, double in the value, and there is a Bet (ב) in בכל (for all) which means double the value, like the Bet in "Let him sell it to me, at the full price" (בכסף), and see what I wrote (Job 11:6)

צבאה Her time.⁸A. V., The warfare. Comp. צבאי my appointed time (Job 14:14); צבא (ib. vii .1). The commentators generally take it in its usual sense; her host;⁹מלאה צבאה is to be rendered accordingly: She is full of her host, that is, of the Israelites. Comp. Targ. Jon. ארי עתידא דתתטלי מעם גלותהא I. E. decides against this explanation, probably from the parallelism which demands that this phrase should be similar in meaning to נרצה עונה the punishment for her iniquity is accomplished. From the mere grammatical point of view this explanation is more commendable, since the masculine צבאה is more likely to be the object than the subject to טלאה, which is feminine. but the first explanation is the right one.

נרצה Is accomplished,¹⁰A. V., Is pardoned. Shall enjoy.¹⁰A. V., Is pardoned. Shall enjoy. that is, is finished and at an end; comp. עד ירצה till he shall accomplish (Job 14:6); תרצה shall accomplish (Levit. 26:34); נרצה עונה has the same meaning as the phrase תם עונן the punishment of thine iniquity is accomplished (Lam. 4:22).

Double. Twice as much affliction as other nations had to suffer.

בכל For all.