Талмуд к Бамидбар 29:6
מִלְּבַד֩ עֹלַ֨ת הַחֹ֜דֶשׁ וּמִנְחָתָ֗הּ וְעֹלַ֤ת הַתָּמִיד֙ וּמִנְחָתָ֔הּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֖ם כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֑ם לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ (ס)
помимо всесожжения новолуния и его приношения пищи, и постоянного приношения всесожжения и приношения его еды, и их приношения питья, согласно их таинству, для сладкого вкуса, приношения, совершенного огонь Господу.
Jerusalem Talmud Shevuot
Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Yasa: The one who stands before the Ark on New Year’s holiday does not have to mention the New Moon142The reader stands before the Ark. Before the invention of printing, he was the only one having a prayer text before him and was supposed to recite all prayers aloud. Except on holidays, the congregation were supposed to recite the Šema` and the `Amidah by heart.
In the main prayer, the `Amidah, in all four times (evening, morning, musaf, afternoon) one does not mention that New Year’s Day also is New Moon Day. (In the Ashkenazic rite, in which the verses describing the sacrifices of the day are recited, the New Moon is mentioned in the quote of Num. 29:6.). Rebbi Aḥa bar Pappus said, it was stated thus: 143A related text in Tosephta Berakhot3:12.“The one who stands before the Ark on New Year’s holiday in the morning, the House of Shammai say, he prays eight [benedictions]144The three beginning and the three final benedictions required daily, one additional benediction for the Sabbath and one for the holiday. The House of Hillel require that the middle benediction refer both to holiday and Sabbath., but the House of Hillel say seven. For musaf145Every New Year’s Day the musaf prayer contains three middle benedictions, one to praise God’s Kingdom, the second to His sitting in judgment over the world, the third remembering the shofar blowing at Mount Sinai and the expectation of the shofar blowing announcing the coming of the Messiah. In this version, everybody agrees that the holiday is mentioned in the declaration of God’s Kingdom; the only difference between the Houses of Shammai and Hillel is that the former require a separate benediction for the Sabbath whereas the latter hold that the Sabbath is mentioned together with the holiday in the fourth benediction. None of the parties mentions the New Moon., the House of Shammai say ten, but the House of Hillel say nine.” Should he not say eleven146An extra one for the day of the New Moon.? Rebbi Yose said, where do they disagree? In a matter which needs a separate benediction. But here even on a weekday he simply includes it147In the morning, afternoon and evening prayers on a Day of the New Moon there is no additional benediction; the New Moon is mentioned in an insert in the first of the last benedictions, “Service”, which is a prayer for the restoration of the Temple service with a supplication that our prayers be accepted in lieu of sacrifices.. So he should mention it in “Service”148The formula used on the other 11 months of the year. The current text originates from the middle benediction of musaf of New Year’s Day.. Rebbi Yose asked, since the two he-goats of New Year’s day come because of the New Moon, why do you say that he does not have to mention the New Moon149While only the elevation offering of the Day of the New Moon is mentioned in the list of sacrifices for New Year’s Day (Num. 29:6), the traditional interpretation includes also the day’s purification offering (Num. 28:15). Then one should include a mention of the New Moon at least in “Service”.? Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Bun said, does Rebbi Abba bar Mamal150It seems that one has to read “R. Yose” since R. Ba bar Mamal is not mentioned in the Halakhah. not ask correctly? As it was stated: “The two lambs of Pentecost151Read: “the two he-goats of Pentecost,” one prescribed in Num. 28:30 for the holiday, the other in Lev. 23:19 to accompany the two leavened breads which introduce flour from the new harvest to the Sanctuary. This is a statement of R. Simeon in Tosephta 1:2. and the two he-goats of New Year’s Day.” If the first atoned, what does the second atone for? For impurity that happened between them.152Cf. Qiddušin 2:7, Note 166. Is that not Rebbi Simeon’s? And Rebbi Simeon splits atoning153The answer is not acceptable since the baraita is attributed to R. Simeon who in Mishnah 5 explained that different categories of purification sacrifices atone for different categories of impurity. His opinion about the he-goat accompanying the two leavened loaves has not been recorded.. But if both of them were for the New Moon? Rebbi Abba Mari said, you cannot do that, since it is written, in addition to the elevation offering of the month154Num. 29:6. Since the verse makes a clear distinction between the sacrifices for the Day of Remembrance (New Year) and the New Moon, certainly for R. Simeon they must have different purposes.. In addition, from what we have stated, “twelve for the twelve months of the year.155Tosephta 1:2, a statement of R. Simeon about 32 public purification sacrifices to be brought every year. There is exactly one for each month.” A patrician stood before the Ark and did not mention the New Moon; they praised him156When only the outline of the topics of benedictions were given but no prayer text were prescribed.. Rav Hoshaia asked: think of it, if they slaughtered both of them simultaneously? What impurity happened between them? Rebbi Bun said, if all of Israel are proper, would they not bring what the Torah prescribed for them157He objects to the entire line of reasoning. The purification sacrifices of the holidays are given “to atone for you” (Num. 28:22,30; 29:5,11), but no provision is made to ascertain whether atonement is actually needed. This implies that they must be brought even if not needed for atonement. The same applies to the other public offerings for which the purpose is not explicitly stated.?
In the main prayer, the `Amidah, in all four times (evening, morning, musaf, afternoon) one does not mention that New Year’s Day also is New Moon Day. (In the Ashkenazic rite, in which the verses describing the sacrifices of the day are recited, the New Moon is mentioned in the quote of Num. 29:6.). Rebbi Aḥa bar Pappus said, it was stated thus: 143A related text in Tosephta Berakhot3:12.“The one who stands before the Ark on New Year’s holiday in the morning, the House of Shammai say, he prays eight [benedictions]144The three beginning and the three final benedictions required daily, one additional benediction for the Sabbath and one for the holiday. The House of Hillel require that the middle benediction refer both to holiday and Sabbath., but the House of Hillel say seven. For musaf145Every New Year’s Day the musaf prayer contains three middle benedictions, one to praise God’s Kingdom, the second to His sitting in judgment over the world, the third remembering the shofar blowing at Mount Sinai and the expectation of the shofar blowing announcing the coming of the Messiah. In this version, everybody agrees that the holiday is mentioned in the declaration of God’s Kingdom; the only difference between the Houses of Shammai and Hillel is that the former require a separate benediction for the Sabbath whereas the latter hold that the Sabbath is mentioned together with the holiday in the fourth benediction. None of the parties mentions the New Moon., the House of Shammai say ten, but the House of Hillel say nine.” Should he not say eleven146An extra one for the day of the New Moon.? Rebbi Yose said, where do they disagree? In a matter which needs a separate benediction. But here even on a weekday he simply includes it147In the morning, afternoon and evening prayers on a Day of the New Moon there is no additional benediction; the New Moon is mentioned in an insert in the first of the last benedictions, “Service”, which is a prayer for the restoration of the Temple service with a supplication that our prayers be accepted in lieu of sacrifices.. So he should mention it in “Service”148The formula used on the other 11 months of the year. The current text originates from the middle benediction of musaf of New Year’s Day.. Rebbi Yose asked, since the two he-goats of New Year’s day come because of the New Moon, why do you say that he does not have to mention the New Moon149While only the elevation offering of the Day of the New Moon is mentioned in the list of sacrifices for New Year’s Day (Num. 29:6), the traditional interpretation includes also the day’s purification offering (Num. 28:15). Then one should include a mention of the New Moon at least in “Service”.? Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Bun said, does Rebbi Abba bar Mamal150It seems that one has to read “R. Yose” since R. Ba bar Mamal is not mentioned in the Halakhah. not ask correctly? As it was stated: “The two lambs of Pentecost151Read: “the two he-goats of Pentecost,” one prescribed in Num. 28:30 for the holiday, the other in Lev. 23:19 to accompany the two leavened breads which introduce flour from the new harvest to the Sanctuary. This is a statement of R. Simeon in Tosephta 1:2. and the two he-goats of New Year’s Day.” If the first atoned, what does the second atone for? For impurity that happened between them.152Cf. Qiddušin 2:7, Note 166. Is that not Rebbi Simeon’s? And Rebbi Simeon splits atoning153The answer is not acceptable since the baraita is attributed to R. Simeon who in Mishnah 5 explained that different categories of purification sacrifices atone for different categories of impurity. His opinion about the he-goat accompanying the two leavened loaves has not been recorded.. But if both of them were for the New Moon? Rebbi Abba Mari said, you cannot do that, since it is written, in addition to the elevation offering of the month154Num. 29:6. Since the verse makes a clear distinction between the sacrifices for the Day of Remembrance (New Year) and the New Moon, certainly for R. Simeon they must have different purposes.. In addition, from what we have stated, “twelve for the twelve months of the year.155Tosephta 1:2, a statement of R. Simeon about 32 public purification sacrifices to be brought every year. There is exactly one for each month.” A patrician stood before the Ark and did not mention the New Moon; they praised him156When only the outline of the topics of benedictions were given but no prayer text were prescribed.. Rav Hoshaia asked: think of it, if they slaughtered both of them simultaneously? What impurity happened between them? Rebbi Bun said, if all of Israel are proper, would they not bring what the Torah prescribed for them157He objects to the entire line of reasoning. The purification sacrifices of the holidays are given “to atone for you” (Num. 28:22,30; 29:5,11), but no provision is made to ascertain whether atonement is actually needed. This implies that they must be brought even if not needed for atonement. The same applies to the other public offerings for which the purpose is not explicitly stated.?
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